 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Yarkent Khanate" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(April 2020) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
Yarkent Khanate یارکند سعیدیه خانلیغی يەركەن سەئىدىيە خانلىقى 葉爾羌汗國 | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1514–1705 | |||||||||
 The Yarkent Khanate,Turpan Khanate, and contemporary Asian politiesc. 1600 | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| Capital | Yarkent | ||||||||
| Common languages | Turki (Chagatai language) | ||||||||
| Religion | Sunni Islam | ||||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||||
| Khan | |||||||||
• 1514–1533 (first) | Sultan Said Khan | ||||||||
• 1695–1705 (last) | Sultan Muhammad Mumin Khan | ||||||||
| History | |||||||||
• Established | 1514 | ||||||||
• Disestablished | 1705 | ||||||||
| |||||||||
| Today part of | China Kyrgyzstan | ||||||||
TheYarkent Khanate, also known as theYarkand Khanate[1] and theKashghar Khanate,[2] was aSunni MuslimTurkic state ruled by the TurkifiedMongol descendants ofChagatai Khan who had intermixed with the localUyghur Turkic population. It was founded bySultan Said Khan in 1514 as a western offshoot ofMoghulistan, itself an eastern offshoot of theChagatai Khanate. It was eventually conquered by theDzungar Khanate in 1705.
Yarkent served as the capital of the Yarkent Khanate, which was also known as the Yarkent State (Mamlakati Yarkand), from the establishment of the Khanate (1514 AD) to its fall (1705 AD). The previousDughlat state ofMirza Abu Bakr Dughlat (1465–1514) ofKashgaria also usedYarkent as the capital of state.
The Khanate was predominantlyUyghur/Turki; some of its most populated cities wereHotan,Yarkent,Kashgar,Yangihissar,Aksu,Uchturpan,Kucha,Karashar,Turpan andKumul. It enjoyed continued dominance in the region for about 200 years until it was conquered by the Dzungar Khan,Tsewang Rabtan in 1705.
In the first half of the 14th century theChagatai Khanate had collapsed; on the western part of the collapsed Chagatai Khanate, the Empire ofTimur emerged in 1370, and became the dominant power in the region until its conquest in 1508 by theShaybanids. Its eastern part becameMoghulistan, which was created byTughluk Timur Khan in 1347 with the capital centered inAlmalik, around theIli River Valley. It comprised all the settled lands of Eastern Kashgaria, as well as regions ofTurpan andKumul which were known at the time as Uyghurstan, according toBalkh and Indian sources of the 16th and 17th centuries. The reigning dynasty of the Yarkent Khanate originated from this state, which existed for more than a century.
In 1509 the Dughlats, vassal rulers of theTarim Basin, rebelled against the Moghulistan and broke away. Five years laterSultan Said Khan, a brother of the Khan of Eastern Moghulistan orTurpan Khanate, conquered the Dughlats but established his own Yarkent khanate instead.[3][2]
This put an end to the dominance in the cities of Kashgaria of the Dughlat emirs, who had controlled them since 1220, when most of Kashgaria had been granted to the Dughlat by Chagatai Khan himself. The conquest of the Dughlats allowed the Yarkent state to become the foremost power in the region.
_in_Peking_in_1761.jpg)
The reign of Sultan Said Khan was heavily influenced by thekhojas.[4] Said Khan also had a close relationship withBabur, his cousin and founder of theMughal Empire across the Himalayas andKarakoram Range from the Yarkent Khanate.[2]
Said Khan's reign included a campaign inBolor in 1527–1528,[5][6] a raid intoBadakhshan in 1529, and looting expeditions into Ladakh and Kashmir in 1532.[7] Sultan Said Khan purportedly died in 1533 atDaulat Beg Oldi of ahigh-altitude pulmonary edema while returning to Yarkent from an expedition into Ladakh and Kashmir.[7][8][9][10]
Sultan Said Khan was succeeded byAbdurashid Khan (1533–1565), who began his reign by executing a member of the Dughlat family. Abdurrashid Khan also fought for control of (western) Moghulistan against theKirghiz and the Kazakhs, but (western) Moghulistan was ultimately lost; thereafter the Moghuls were largely restricted to possession of the Tarim Basin.[11]
Meanwhile, the Yarkent Khanate was conquered by the BuddhistDzungar Khanate in theDzungar conquest of Altishahr[a] from 1678 to 1705.[12]
The collection of Uyghur Twelve Muqam
| History of theMongols |
|---|
 |
|
Mirza Haidar who led in 934/1527-28 an Islamic incursion into "Balur", describing it as "an infidel country (Kafiristan)" inhabited by "mountaineers" without any "religion or a creed" (Mirza Haidar 1895: 384), located "between Badakhshan and Kashmir" (ibid.: 136).
Daulat Bak Oldi (the royal prince died here), close to the Karakorum pass, is so called because the Sultan Said Khan of Kashgar, on his return from a successful campaign against West Tibet, died here from mountain sickness (Plate 50)
Some 400 years earlier, in ad 1527, a Yarkandi invader, Sultan Saiad Khan Ghazi (also known as Daulat Beg) of Yarkand, briefly conquered Kashmir after fighting a battle along this pass. He died in 1531 at Daulat Beg Oldi (meaning, where Daulat Beg died) at the foot of the Karakoram pass, after he was returning from an unsuccessful attempt to invade Tibet.
Xinjiang topics | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| History |
| ||||||||||||||
| Geography |
| ||||||||||||||
| Education Research | |||||||||||||||
| Culture | |||||||||||||||
| Cuisine | |||||||||||||||
| Economy | |||||||||||||||
| Visitor attractions | |||||||||||||||
| Related | |||||||||||||||
