Yên Mỹ district Huyện Yên Mỹ Tế Giang huyện | |
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 The memorial house of Poet Đoàn Thị Điểm in Giai Phạm village, Nguyễn Văn Linh commune. | |
| Motto: "Merse and Love" (Hiệp nhất và Yêu thương) | |
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| Coordinates:20°52′03″N106°01′16″E / 20.86750°N 106.02111°E /20.86750; 106.02111 | |
| Country |  Vietnam |
| Region | Red River Delta |
| Province | Hưng Yên |
| Municipality | Yên Mỹ township |
| Existence | February 25, 1890 to August 30, 2025 |
| Central hall | National Route 39A, Tân Lập commune |
| Government | |
| • Type | Rural district |
| • People Committee's Chairman | Đặng Xuân Lương |
| • People Council's chairman | Nguyễn Văn Đoan |
| • Front Committee's chairman | Nguyễn Huy Chương |
| • Party Committee's Secretary | Trần Tùng Chuẩn |
| Area | |
| 92.38 km2 (35.67 sq mi) | |
| Population (2021) | |
| 159,146 | |
| • Density | 1,723/km2 (4,460/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 14,695 (9%) |
| • Ethnicities | Kinh Tanka |
| Time zone | UTC+7 (Indochina Time) |
| ZIP code | 177 |
| Website | Yenmy.Hungyen.gov.vn Yenmy.Hungyen.dcs.vn |
Yên Mỹ [iən˧˧:miʔi˧˥] is a formerrural district ofHưng Yên province in theRed River Delta region ofVietnam.
Yên Mỹ was thedistrict-level administrative unit what was established at the latest in theRed River Delta.
According to the surveys of researcherPhilippe Papin, at the beginning ofCông Nguyên, the Southeastern area of modernHanoi was still under the sea level, so it was very difficult to settle down.
Since the middle of thebelonging to the North, according to the records of the officials from themainland China, the area of modernHưng Yên province was almost swampy. Therefore, in the middle of the 10th century, a military leader namedLữ Đường relied on this muddy terrain to rule as a feud. The area was slenderly called as Tế Giang[1] (細江, "the tiny stream") by thefolks. It was only a small flow, which connected theHồng River withThương andCầu River. According toAn Nam chí lược andĐại Việt sử ký toàn thư, it was in the area of an administrative unit called as Cổ Lãm canton (古揽州, "K'lam châu"). Specifically,cổ lãm ork'lam means "forest" inAnnamese language.[note 1]
In 995 theEarly Lê Dynasty changed it to Cổ Pháp canton (古法州, "Cổ Pháp châu"). However, by 1009, right after winning thegolden throne, EmperorThuận Thiên ordered to change it to Thiên Đức prefecture (天德府, "Thiên Đức phủ"). It was not until that time that there was an official administrative unit calledTế Giang rural district (細江縣, "Tế Giang huyện").
When theLý Dynasty moved the capital toThăng Long citadel, Tế Giang was part of Gia Lâm rural district (嘉林縣, "Gia Lâm huyện"), what still belonged to Thiên Đức. Coming to theTrần Dynasty, it belonged to Bắc Giang garrison (北江路, "Bắc Giang lộ"). The reason for this name was because of the dangerous nature of the area. The capital of this locality was located inVạn Kiếp, where there was a regulation like a militarybarracks to prevent the entire North and East ofThăng Long.
When theMing Dynasty ruledAnnam at the beginning of 15th century, Tế Giang was part of Gia Lâm canton (嘉林州, "Gia Lâm châu"), Bắc Giang prefecture (北江府, "Bắc Giang phủ").
In the 10th year ofQuang Thuận of theLater Lê Dynasty, Tế Giang was changed toVăn Giang rural district (文江縣, "Văn Giang huyện"), belonging to Thuận An prefecture (順安府, "Thuận An phủ"), Kinh Bắc garrison (京北承宣, "Kinh Bắc thừa tuyên"). Thisdomain continued to be strengthened to protect the East of the capital.
About 1832 EmperorMinh Mệnh changed Kinh Bắc toBắc Ninh province. By 1862, Thuận An was changed toThuận Thành. Thus, Văn Giang belonged to Thuận Thành prefecture (順城府, "Thuận Thành phủ"), Bắc Ninh province (北寧省, "Bắc Ninh tỉnh").
But in the wholeHưng Yên province about 1885, there was a very serious storm that caused theRed Riverdike to be broken. Flood waters have flooded all districts along the river, making theterrain almost unable to live. From a large population for manycenturies, the Southerndomain ofHưng Yên province became aswamp with insignificant population density. A low-ranking official namedNguyễn Thiện Thuật relied on this factor to urge his relatives as well as the Sơn Nam people to build a basis to oppose the protect government. This event was still known in history as the Bãi Sậy Uprising (荻林起義, khởi nghĩa Bãi Sậy, "the uprising at the mop bund"), which originated from the typicalflora of thedomain for many years after the flood.
On February 25, 1890, to deal with the uprising movement in the East ofHanoi,Governor-GeneralJean-Luc de Saint Peauxpa has signed a decision to merge all theRed Riverside rural districts of three provincesBắc Ninh,Hưng Yên,Hải Dương to form a new administrative unit :Địch Lâm garrison (荻林道, "Địch Lâm đạo").[2] Accordingly, thisdomain was organized according to the regulation like a special-military zone, which the head must be a Frenchcolonel (quan năm vành vàng, "fifth-level official with golden lines"). Therefore, Địch Lâm garrison consisted of 4rural districts : Cẩm Lương,Mỹ Hào,Văn Lâm and Yên Mỹ. Accordingly, the area ofYên Mỹ rural district (安美縣, Yên Mỹ huyện) has been formed from :
Its name has been assembled from "Hưng Yên" and "Mỹ Hào". However, right after the revolt movement was defeated in 1891, the Governor-General restored civil administrative regulations, but the tworural districts of Yên Mỹ andMỹ Hào still exist.
Under theFrench provisional military government inTonkin about early 1947, the "phủ" regulation was officially abolished. Yên Mỹ rural district has been changed toYên Mỹ district (安美郡, quận Yên Mỹ) and it has become one of ninedistricts ofHưng Yên province. Until the Government of theDemocratic Republic of Vietnam was re-established in theNorth Vietnam (1955), the "huyện" regulation was restored.
On March 11, 1977, districts Yên Mỹ (South) andVăn Giang (North) have been re-merged to becomeVăn Yên rural district (文安縣, huyện Văn Yên).
On February 24, 1979, Văn Yên was dissolved. 5 Yên Mỹ communes and 9 Văn Giang communes were merged intoKhoái Châu to becomeChâu Giang rural district (州江縣, huyện Châu Giang). The remaining Văn Yên communes have been merged with Văn Mỹ communes to becomeMỹ Văn rural district (美文縣, huyện Mỹ Văn).
In 1994, according to Decree 56-CP of theGovernment of Vietnam, Trai Trang commune of Mỹ Văn rural district was upgraded to Yên Mỹ township (安美市鎮, thị trấn Yên Mỹ).
On July 24, 1999, theGovernment of Vietnam continued to issue Decree 60/1999/NĐ-CP[3] on the division of Mỹ Văn rural district into three districtsMỹ Hào,Văn Lâm and Yên Mỹ. Simultaneously, there was an adjustment of theboundaries of fivecommunes Minh Châu, Việt Cường, Yên Phú, Yên Hòa and Hoàn Long from former Châu Giang rural district for returning to Yên Mỹ rural district's management.[4]
On October 24, 2024, theNational Assembly Standing Committee of Vietnam issued Resolution 1248/NQ-UBTVQH15 on the arrangement of thecommune-level administrative unit ofHưng Yên province in the period of 2023–2025, what has been valid from December 1, 2024.[5] Accordingly, 8communes and Yên Mỹ township in Yên Mỹ rural district were merged each other to implement the streamlined policy of the apparatus (chính-sách tinh-gọn bộ máy nhà-nước) that Party's General SecretaryTô Lâm set out.
Currently, Yên Mỹ rural district is subdivided into 18commune-level administrative units. The district capital lies in Tân Lập commune.
Yên Mỹ rural district covers an area of 92.38 km2. According to monitoring data since theFrench protecture, the terrain of the rural district tends to be low from the Northwest to the Southeast. Until 2024, the whole district still has about 3/4 of its area is lower than sea level. This is caused by the interlaced naturalcanal system and evenlandslides due to floods.[6][7][8]
The rural district is also known to be in the intersection of many most importantroutes in Vietnam. Therefore, it has been called the "blood vessels" (huyết-mạch) by Vietnamese press from theVietnam War. Specifically : National routes of 5A and 39,Hanoi–Haiphong Highway (or National Route 5B), Chợ Bến – Yên Mỹ Highway,Hà Nội –Hưng Yên Inter-provincial Road. Not yet counting other traffic road projects, which are still in the construction price.
According to the 2021 statistical yearbook]of the wholeHưng Yên province, as of 2020 Yên Mỹ rural district had a population of 159,146 with a density of 1,723/km2. Besides, the population of the whole rural district is fully registered asKinh people.
The territory of Yên Mỹ rural district is part of the Kẻ Sặt Deanery, belonging to theHải Phòng Diocese (Dioecesis Haiphongensis), where is said to have welcomed theGospel in 1655. However, it has only one parish called Bùi Xá ("village of Bùi clan"), belonging Trung Hòa commune. Theirpatron saint isOur Lady of the Rosary. The current priest is BishopPeter Trần Văn Chinh, who was ordained on November 21, 2023.
Ever since it was still belonged toVăn Giang rural district, Yên Mỹ has formed early a rich culture, which was resonated from three large flow : North (Kinh Bắc), East (Hải Đông), South (Sơn Nam Thượng).[9]
Since theLater Lê Dynasty, Yên Mỹ's area has been among the few local priorities to recruit theharem (hậu cung) for the royal family. Those who are considered to join positions such as :Concubinage,eunuch,servant. This stimulated the formation of power and wealthclans (quý tộc, "aristocracy") for many centuries. Until around the 17th century,tutors andhealers were recruited to serveTrịnh viceroys also always from Yên Mỹ.[10]
Until 2025 there were more than 100relics, which had historical and cultural significance to Yên Mỹ rural district, ranked from the central to the grassroots level to have conservation regulations.[11]
Besides, the whole district has a total of 98 festivals that have been admitted to legality so that it is easy to develop theheritage tourismindustry (du-lịch di-sản).[12]
The area of Yên Mỹ rural district has many national highways running, thus from the beginning, it has been included in the map of theNorthern Key Economic Zone (Vùng Kinh-tế Trọng-điểm Bắc-Bộ) : Hà Nội – Hưng Yên – Hải Dương – Hải Phòng – Quảng Ninh.
Its economic structure until 2018 is as follows :Industry and construction 83.25%; trade andservice 13.54%, agriculture 3.22%.[14][15]
According to statisticaldocuments of the Yên Mỹ District People's Committee of from 2018 to 2023,[16][17] with the advantage of being a very developedlocation (chân kiềng) between the two economic zones ofHanoi andHaiphong, right from the early 20th century, Yên Mỹ rural district has owned the most abundant industrial capacity ofHưng Yên province.[18]
In 1999 the entire district had only one industrial project with a very low totalbudget. But until 2018, it was classified as the threerural districts with the highest investment attraction of the province. National and regionalindustrial parks appeared consecutively,[19] such as : Phố Nối A&B Textile Industrial Zone, Thăng Long II Industrial Zone, Yên Mỹ I&II Industrial Zone... That has led to the formation of industrial clusters : Yên Mỹ township, Nguyễn Văn Linh, Tân Lập and Liêu Xá communes.[20]
Wet rice growing is a characteristic and also the advantage of the district agriculture. From 2000 to 2018, the growth rate of production has always reached nearly 1.25% in all years.[21]
Currently Yên Mỹ rural district is still in the process of accumulating experience to deploy more vegetable production systems (hoa-màu sạch) andbreeding systems (thịt sạch) to change the economic structure.[22]
In the harshest period ofCOVID-19pandemic, Yên Mỹ was very prominent in the media because it was the largest safe vegetable (hoa-màu an-toàn) supplier nationwide. But after thepandemic passed, the District People's Committee began to discuss brand registration for their agricultural products called as "Hoa-Màu Yên-Mỹ" (Yên Mỹ Vegetable).
Places adjacent to Yên Mỹ district | ||||||||||||||||
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