Endo-1,4-β-xylanase (EC3.2.1.8, systematic name4-β-D-xylan xylanohydrolase) is any of a class ofenzymes that degrade the linear polysaccharidexylan intoxylose,[1] thus breaking downhemicellulose, one of the major components of plantcell walls:
Endohydrolysis of (1→4)-β-D-xylosidic linkages in xylans
Xylanase plays a major role inmicro-organisms thriving on plant sources for the degradation of plant matter into usable nutrients. Xylanases are produced by fungi, bacteria, yeast, marine algae, protozoans, snails, crustaceans, insect, seeds, etc.;[2]mammals do not produce xylanases. However, the principal commercial source of xylanases is filamentous fungi.[2]
Apart from its use in thepulp and paper industry, xylanases are also used as food additives to poultry;[4] in wheat flour for improving dough handling and quality of baked products[1]; for the extraction of coffee, plant oils, and starch; in the improvement of nutritional properties of agricultural silage and grain feed; and in combination with pectinase and cellulase for clarification of fruit juices and degumming of plant fiber sources such as flax, hemp, jute, and ramie. A good quantity of scientific literature is available on key features of xylanase enzymes in biotechnology ranging from their screening in microbial sources to production methods, characterization, purification and applications in commercial sector.[1][2][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] High resilience to heating is required for some applications of xylanase, which can be achieved through selection of suitable microbial enzymes[4] or by cyclization of the termini bySpyTag/SpyCatcher reaction.[14]
Additionally, xylanase is the key ingredient in thedough conditioners s500 and us500 manufactured byPuratos [nl].[15] These enzymes are used to improve the dough's workability and absorption of water.[15]
In the future, xylanase may be used for the production ofbiofuel from unusable plant material.[16]
^abBeg QK, Kapoor M, Mahajan L, Hoondal GS (August 2001). "Microbial xylanases and their industrial applications: a review".Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.56 (3–4):326–338.doi:10.1007/s002530100704.PMID11548999.S2CID21581967.
^abcPolizeli ML, Rizzatti AC, Monti R, Terenzi HF, Jorge JA, Amorim DS (June 2005). "Xylanases from fungi: properties and industrial applications".Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology.67 (5):577–591.doi:10.1007/s00253-005-1904-7.PMID15944805.S2CID22956.
^Gulzar, Production and partial purification of Xylanase fromTrichoderma longibrachiatum. Published in international conference on biotechnology and neurosciences. CUSAT, 2004.P33[verification needed]
^Subramaniyan S, Prema P (2002). "Biotechnology of microbial xylanases: enzymology, molecular biology, and application".Critical Reviews in Biotechnology.22 (1):33–64.doi:10.1080/07388550290789450.PMID11958335.S2CID13386317.
^Sá-Pereira P, Paveia H, Costa-Ferreira M, Aires-Barros M (July 2003). "A new look at xylanases: an overview of purification strategies".Molecular Biotechnology.24 (3):257–281.doi:10.1385/MB:24:3:257.PMID12777693.S2CID34083448.
^Alves-Prado HF, Pavezzi FC, Leite RS, de Oliveira VM, Sette LD, Dasilva R (May 2010). "Screening and production study of microbial xylanase producers from Brazilian Cerrado".Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology.161 (1–8):333–346.doi:10.1007/s12010-009-8823-5.PMID19898784.S2CID8378197.
^Sunna A, Antranikian G (1997). "Xylanolytic enzymes from fungi and bacteria".Critical Reviews in Biotechnology.17 (1):39–67.doi:10.3109/07388559709146606.PMID9118232.
Dashek WV (1997)."Xylanase".Methods in Plant Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. CRC Press. pp. 313–5.ISBN0-8493-9480-5.Xylans can by hydrolyzed by β-xylanase
