| Putian | |
|---|---|
| Sing-iú-uā /仙遊話 | |
| Native to | SouthernChina |
| Region | Xianyou,Putian,Fujian |
Early forms | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | xian1252 |
| Linguasphere | 79-AAA-ida |
| This article containsIPA phonetic symbols. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofUnicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. | |
| Xianyou dialect | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Traditional Chinese | 仙遊話 | ||||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 仙游话 | ||||||||||
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TheXianyou dialect (Pu–Xian Min:Sing-iú-uā /仙遊話;[ɬiŋ˨iu˨˦ua˨˩]) is a dialect ofPu–Xian MinChinese spoken inXianyou,Putian in the southeast coast ofFujian province,China.
The Xianyou dialect has 15 initials, 45 rimes and 7 tones.
| a 鴉 | ã 平 | au 拗 | aŋ 江 | aʔ 壓 | |
| ɒ 奥 | ɒ̃ 泛 | ɒŋ 王 | ɒʔ 屋 | ||
| o 科 | ɔu 烏 | ||||
| e 裔 | ai 愛 | ɛŋ 煙 | ɛʔ 黑 | ||
| ø 改 | |||||
| ŋ 伓 | |||||
| i 衣 | ĩ 反 | iu 油 | iũ 張 | iŋ 引 | iʔ 益 |
| ia 夜 | iã 丙 | ieu 要 | iɛŋ 鹽 | iɛʔ 葉 | |
| u 夫 | ui 位 | uĩ 風 | |||
| ua 画 | uoi 歪 | uã 搬 | uaŋ 碗 | uoʔ 活 | |
| y 余 | ỹ 頓 | yŋ 恩 | yʔ 役 | ||
| ya 鵝 | yã 然 | yøŋ 羊 | yøʔ 藥 |
| No. | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tones | dark level 陰平 | light level 陽平 | rising 上聲 | dark departing 陰去 | light departing 陽去 | dark entering 陰入 | light entering 陽入 |
| Tone contour | ˥˦˦ (544) | ˨˦ (24) | ˧˧˨ (332) | ˥˨ (52) | ˨˩ (21) | ʔ˨ (ʔ2) | ʔ˦ (ʔ4) |
| Example Hanzi | 詩巴 | 時爬 | 始把 | 試霸 | 寺罷 | 濕北 | 實拔 |
| Coda of the Former Syllable | Initial of the Latter Syllable | Assimilation | Coda of the Former Syllable | Initial of the Latter Syllable | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group A | Open syllable | /p/,/pʰ/ | → | remain unchanged | /β/,/ɣ/ |
| /t/,/tʰ/,/ts/,/tsʰ/,/ɬ/ | /l/ | ||||
| /k/,/kʰ/,/h/ | /ɣ/ | ||||
| Group B | /-ŋ/ (nasal coda) | /p/,/pʰ/ | /-m/ | /m/ | |
| /t/,/tʰ/,/ts/,/tsʰ/,/l/,/ɬ/ | /-n/ | /n/,remain unchanged | |||
| /k/,/kʰ/,/h/, null initial | remain unchanged, or/-n/ | /ŋ/,/n/ | |||
| /m/,/n/,/ŋ/ | /-m/,/-n/,/-ŋ/ | remain unchanged | |||
| Group C | /-ʔ/ (glottal coda) | /p/,/pʰ/,/m/ | /-p̚/ | remain unchanged | |
| /t/,/tʰ/,/ts/,/tsʰ/,/ɬ/,/l/,/n/ | /-t̚/ | ||||
| /k/,/kʰ/,/ŋ/,/h/ | /-k̚/ | ||||
| null initial | /-ʔ/ | ||||
| Group E | Open syllable | /m/,/n/,/ŋ/ | nasalization | remain unchanged | |
| nasalized rime | nasalization | ||||
| nasalized rime | remain unchanged | /n/ |
The Xianyou dialect has extremely extensive tonesandhi rules: in an utterance, only the last syllable pronounced is not affected by the rules.
The two-syllable tonal sandhi rules are shown in the table below (the rows give the first syllable's original citation tone, while the columns give the citation tone of the second syllable):
| dark level 544 | light level 24 | rising 332 | dark departing 52 | light departing 21 | dark entering ʔ2 | light entering ʔ4 | |
| dark level 544 | 24 | 22 | 24 | 22 | |||
| light level 24 | 22 | 44 | 52 | 22 | |||
| rising 332 | 24 | 44 | 24 | ||||
| dark departing 52 | 44 | 33 | 44 | 52 | 44 | ||
| light departing 21 | 22 | 44 | 52 | 22 | |||
| dark entering ʔ2 | ʔ4 | ||||||
| light entering ʔ4 | ʔ2 | ʔ4 | ʔ2 | ||||
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