Xiangyang 襄阳市 Siangyang, Siang-yang | |
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.png) Location of Xiangyang City jurisdiction in Hubei | |
  Xiangyang Location of the city centre in Hubei | |
| Coordinates (Xiangyang municipal government):32°00′36″N112°07′19″E / 32.010°N 112.122°E /32.010; 112.122 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Hubei |
| County-level divisions | 8 |
| Township-level divisions | 159 |
| Municipal seat | Xiangcheng District |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Qie Yingcai |
| Area | |
| 19,724.41 km2 (7,615.64 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 3,672.9 km2 (1,418.1 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 3,672.9 km2 (1,418.1 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 71 m (232 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[1] | |
| 5,260,951 | |
| • Density | 270/km2 (690/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 2,319,640 |
| • Urban density | 630/km2 (1,600/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 2,319,640 |
| • Metro density | 630/km2 (1,600/sq mi) |
| GDP[2] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 338.2 billion US$ 54.3 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 60,319 US$ 9,684 |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Area code | 710 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-HB-06 |
| License Plate Prefix | 鄂F |
| Website | xiangyang |
| Xiangyang | |||||||||
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 "Xiangyang" written in Chinese | |||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 襄阳 | ||||||||
| Traditional Chinese | 襄陽 | ||||||||
| Postal | Siangyang | ||||||||
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| Xiangfan | |||||||||
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| Chinese | 襄樊 | ||||||||
| Postal | Siangfan | ||||||||
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Xiangyang is the second-largest prefecture-level city by population in northwesternHubei province, China. It was known asXiangfan from 1950 to 2010.[3] TheHan River runs through Xiangyang's centre and divides the city north–south. The city itself is an agglomeration of two once separate cities:Fancheng and Xiangyang (orXiangcheng), and was known as Xiangfan before 2010. What remains of old Xiangyang is located south of theHan River and contains one of the oldest still-intact city walls in China, while Fancheng is located to the north of the Han River. Both cities served prominent historical roles in both ancient and pre-modern Chinese history. Today, the city has been a target of government and private investment as the country seeks to urbanize and develop the interior provinces. Its built-up area made up of 3 urban districts had 2,319,640 inhabitants at the 2020 census while the whole municipality contained approximately 5,260,951 people.
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Xiangyang is located at a strategic site on the middle reaches of theHan River, and has witnessed several significant battles in Chinese history. Xiangyang County was first established at the location of modern Xiangcheng in the earlyWestern Han dynasty and the name had been used continuously for more than 2,000 years until the 20th century.
In the final years of theEastern Han dynasty, Xiangyang became the capital ofJing Province (ancient Jingzhou). The warlordLiu Biao governed his territory from here. Under Liu's rule, Xiangyang became a major destination of the northern elite fleeing warfare in theCentral Plain. In theBattle of Xiangyang in 191 AD,Sun Jian, a rival warlord and the father ofSun Quan, founder ofEastern Wu, was defeated and killed. The area passed toLiu Bei after Liu Biao's death. Two decades later,Battle of Fancheng, one of the most important battles in late Han-Three Kingdoms period, was fought here, resulting inLiu Bei's loss of Jingzhou.
During the early years of theJin dynasty, Xiangyang was on the frontier between Jin and Eastern Wu.Yang Hu, the commander in Xiangyang, was remembered for his policy of "border peace". Cross-border commerce was allowed, and the pressure on the Jin army was greatly relieved. Eventually, Xiangyang accumulated sufficient supplies for 10 years, which played a key role inJin's conquest of Wu.
In theSouthern Song dynasty, after theTreaty of Shaoxing, Xiangyang became a garrison city on the northern frontier of Song. DuringMongol conquest of the Song dynasty, Xiangyang together with Fancheng formed one of the greatest obstacles against the expansion ofMongol Empire. They were able to resist for six years before finally surrendering in theSiege of Xiangyang.
In 1796, Xiangyang was one of the centers of theWhite Lotus Rebellion against theQing dynasty. Here, rebel leaderWang Cong'er successfully organized a rebel army of 50,000 and joined the main rebel forces inSichuan. The revolt lasted for nearly 10 years and marked a turning point in the history of Qing dynasty.
In 1950, Xiangyang and Fancheng were merged to form Xiangfan City. In later 20th century, it became a major transport hub asHandan,Jiaoliu, andXiangyu railways intersect in Fancheng. The city's current boundaries were established in 1983 when Xiangyang Prefecture was incorporated into Xiangfan City. The city was renamed to Xiangyang in 2010.
Xiangyang has a latitude range of 31° 14'−32° 37' N, or 154 km (96 mi), and longitude range of 110° 45'−113° 43' E, or 220 km (137 mi), and is located on the middle reaches of theHanshui, a major tributary of theYangtze River. The urban area, however, has a latitude range of 31° 54'−32° 10' N, or 29 km (18 mi), and longitude range of 112° 00'−112° 14' E, or 21 km (13 mi). It bordersSuizhou to the east,Jingmen andYichang to the south,Shennongjia andShiyan to the west, andNanyang (Henan) to the north. Its administrative border has a total length of 1,332.8 km (828.2 mi).
Xiangyang has amonsoon-influenced, four seasonhumid subtropical climate (KöppenCfa), with cold, damp (but comparatively dry), winters, and hot, humid summers.
| Climate data for Xiangyang, elevation 163 m (535 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 21.8 (71.2) | 23.6 (74.5) | 32.8 (91.0) | 34.0 (93.2) | 37.4 (99.3) | 38.0 (100.4) | 39.6 (103.3) | 39.0 (102.2) | 39.3 (102.7) | 33.4 (92.1) | 27.7 (81.9) | 21.7 (71.1) | 39.6 (103.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 7.4 (45.3) | 10.7 (51.3) | 16.0 (60.8) | 22.5 (72.5) | 27.3 (81.1) | 30.4 (86.7) | 32.0 (89.6) | 31.4 (88.5) | 27.4 (81.3) | 22.2 (72.0) | 15.6 (60.1) | 9.6 (49.3) | 21.0 (69.9) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 3.3 (37.9) | 6.1 (43.0) | 11.0 (51.8) | 17.0 (62.6) | 22.0 (71.6) | 25.6 (78.1) | 27.6 (81.7) | 26.9 (80.4) | 22.7 (72.9) | 17.3 (63.1) | 11.0 (51.8) | 5.4 (41.7) | 16.3 (61.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 0.1 (32.2) | 2.5 (36.5) | 7.0 (44.6) | 12.7 (54.9) | 17.7 (63.9) | 21.8 (71.2) | 24.3 (75.7) | 23.6 (74.5) | 19.2 (66.6) | 13.7 (56.7) | 7.4 (45.3) | 2.0 (35.6) | 12.7 (54.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −8.8 (16.2) | −7.9 (17.8) | −2.7 (27.1) | −0.1 (31.8) | 8.4 (47.1) | 12.6 (54.7) | 17.2 (63.0) | 14.9 (58.8) | 10.5 (50.9) | 0.0 (32.0) | −3.4 (25.9) | −6.8 (19.8) | −8.8 (16.2) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 22.4 (0.88) | 25.4 (1.00) | 44.3 (1.74) | 64.9 (2.56) | 98.9 (3.89) | 107.3 (4.22) | 132.4 (5.21) | 137.1 (5.40) | 83.0 (3.27) | 68.3 (2.69) | 40.3 (1.59) | 16.4 (0.65) | 840.7 (33.1) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.8 | 7.4 | 8.9 | 9.7 | 11.0 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 11.1 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 8.1 | 5.9 | 110 |
| Average snowy days | 4.3 | 3.3 | 1.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.8 | 2.4 | 12.1 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 71 | 70 | 70 | 71 | 71 | 76 | 81 | 80 | 76 | 74 | 74 | 71 | 74 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 107.2 | 112.6 | 143.7 | 171.6 | 184.5 | 174.6 | 185.2 | 183.0 | 147.9 | 143.3 | 127.2 | 117.9 | 1,798.7 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 33 | 36 | 38 | 44 | 43 | 41 | 43 | 45 | 40 | 41 | 41 | 38 | 40 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[4][5] | |||||||||||||
Theprefecture-level city of Xiangyang administers 9county-level divisions, including 3districts, 3county-level cities and 3counties.[6][7]
These are further divided into 159township-level divisions, including 106towns, 29townships and 24subdistricts.
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Xiangyang possesses large water energy resources whilst its mineral deposits includerutile,ilmenite,phosphorus,barite, coal, iron, aluminum, gold,manganese,nitre, and rock salt. The reserves of rutile and ilmenite rank highly in China. Textile production is the mainstay industry of Xiangyang followed by machinery manufacture, chemical processing, electronics, and manufacture of construction materials. Agricultural resources are significant with Xiangyang's chief farm products including grain, cotton, vegetable oil crops, tobacco, tea and fruit. As the home ofDongfeng Motors, Xiangyang is a well known automobile hub and partners with foreign manufacturers to produce Nissan and Infiniti models for domestic sales. In addition, there are a number of chemical fibre enterprises in the city includingBirla Jingwei Fibres, a member of theAditya Birla Group. The city has also invested in many industrial, technology and clean energy parks.
With a total planned area of 21.99 square km, Hubei Free Trade Zone at Xiangyang is one of the three Hubei Free Trade Pilot Zones, a national opening-up platform and a new height of leading opening-up, enjoying preferential policies of free trade zone and national high-tech zone and giving priority to high-end equipment manufacturing, new energy autos, big data, cloud computing, business logistics, inspection and testing.[8]
Xiangyang is a railway junction for theXiangyang-Chongqing (Xiangyu),Hankou-Danjiangkou (Handan), andJiaozuo-Liuzhou (Jiaoliu) Railways.Xiangyang East railway station opened in 2019 and is connected to multiple high-speed lines. Three National Highways includingRoute 207 pass through the city. TheHan River and four other rivers are open to commercial transport year-round. TheXiangyang Liuji Airport has commercial airline services to major cities throughout China including Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou.
With Xiangyang-Ningbo Port International Sea-railway Combined Transportation, "Xiangyang-Wuhan-Europe" Central Europe Freight Trains, three-dimensional international logistics channels have been established. Economic ties with countries and areas along the "Belt and Road" are getting closer and closer.
行政区划调整后，襄阳市辖襄城、樊城、襄州3个市辖区以及南漳、谷城、保康3个县，代管老河口、枣阳、宜城3个县级市。
统计用区划代码 名称 420601000000 市辖区 420602000000 襄城区 420606000000 樊城区 420607000000 襄州区 420624000000 南漳县 420625000000 谷城县 420626000000 保康县 420682000000 老河口市 420683000000 枣阳市 420684000000 宜城市
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