| X Corps | |
|---|---|
| Active | 1807 1812–1813 |
| Country | |
| Branch | |
| Size | Corps |
| Part of | Grande Armée |
| Engagements | |
| Commanders | |
| Notable commanders | |
TheX Corps (Roman numerals for "tenth") of theGrande Armée was aFrench military formation active during theNapoleonic Wars (1803–1815). While it was initially established in 1807 for theWar of the Fourth Coalition under the command ofMarshalFrançois Joseph Lefebvre, the X Corps was reconstituted in 1812 during theFrench invasion of Russia under the command of MarshalJacques MacDonald. Under his military command, the X Corps was tasked with securing the northern flank by advancing intoCourland andbesieging Riga. The corps crossed theNeman on 24 June 1812 and moved towardRiga; however, they failed to capture the city.[1][2]
After being defeated by the Russian military'sattrition warfare andhit-and-run tactics, the French retreated fromRussia. Facing inadequate supplies,unfavorable weather conditions, poorly maintained logistics, and multiple lethal diseases, the X Corps was then tasked with defendingDanzig under the leadership of GeneralJean Rapp. TheSiege of Danzig lasted from January 1813 to January 1814, resulting in the surrender of the Frenchgarrison. Notably, the X Corps included aPrussian contingent that eventually became the foundation of the reformedPrussian Army in 1813.[3] Afterwards, the military forces of theKingdom of Prussia fought against the shattered German states and theAustrian Empire. In December 1812, the Prussian contingentdefected at Taprogge, depriving the X Corps of tens of thousands of troops.[4]
| Corps Commander | Chief of Staff | Chief, Artillery | Chief, Engineers | Aides-de-Camp |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MarshalÉtienne Macdonald | Adjutant Commander Jacques Terrier | Division GeneralAlbert Taviel [fr] |
|
|
| Commander | Chief of Staff | Chief, Artillery | Adjutant | Chief, Engineers | Inspecteur aux revues | Aide de Camp |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Division GeneralCharles Grandjean | Plk. Jozef Nowicki | CdB Farjon | Capt. Louis Chapuis | Capt., 1st Class Roger-P-M-A de Riencourt | Sr. Inspecteur aux revue [fr] Reybaud (Rayband) |
| 1st Brigade | |||||||
| 5th Polish Line Regt [pl] | |||||||
| 1st Battalion | 2nd Battalion | 3rd Battalion | 4th Battalion | Artillery Regt | |||
| CdB Ludwik Kaminski | CdB Jan Godlewski | CdB Feliks Stokowski | Not present | Kapt. Ignacy Kulesza | |||
| 13th Bavarian Line Regt | Commander:Oberst Franz Baron Schlossberg | ||||||
| 1st Battalion | 2nd Battalion | 1st Section, 2nd Bavarian | |||||
| Maj. Caspar Poyk (Poeck) | Maj.Franz von Pillement [de] | Untilt.[expand acronym] Alois Escher(t) II | |||||
| 2nd Brigade | |||||||
| 10th Polish Line Regt [pl] | Commander:PolkovnikHenryk Kamienski | ||||||
| 1st Battalion | 2nd Battalion | 3rd Battalion | 4th Battalion | Artillery Regt | |||
| CdB Jan Krassin (Crassin, Krassyn) | CdB Franciszek Czyzewski | CdBNicolas Joseph Daine [nl] | Not present | Kapt. Leneke | |||
| 3rd Brigade | Commander:Général de brigadeGilbert Bachelu | ||||||
| 11th Polish Line Regt [pl] | |||||||
| 1st Battalion | 2nd Battalion | 3rd Battalion | 4th Battalion | Artillery Regt | |||
| CdBPiotr Szembeck [pl] | CdBKazimierz Poniatowski | CdB Karol Jon(n)emann | Not present | Kapt. Ostrowski | |||
| 1st Westphalian Line Regt | |||||||
| 1st Battalion | 2nd Battalion | Artillery Regt | |||||
| CdBJohann Philipp Bauer [de] | Capt. David von Kruse (laterCdB) | Kapt. von Haustein | |||||
| Division (Prussian) Cavalry (detached from 27th Division) | |||||||
| 1st Prussian Combined Hussar Regt | Regiment Commander:Major Dietrich C. G. von Cosel | ||||||
| 1st Leib Hussar Regt [de] | 2nd Leib Hussar Regt [de] | ||||||
| 3rd Squadron | 4th Squadron | 2nd Squadron | 3rd Squadron | ||||
| Rittm. Karl Leopold F. Dallmer | Rittm. Meyer | Maj. von Kurnatowsky | Rittm. Karl L. Zastrow | ||||
| Division Artillery and Engineers | Commander: ? | ||||||
| 6th Polish Foot Company | 1st Polish Horse Company | Polish Garde d'Artie | 4th Polish Sapper Company | ||||
| Kapt. Turdeski | Kapt.Wladyslaw Ostrowski | Detachment | Kapt. Jozef Dobrzyński | ||||
| Division Train | Commander: ? | ||||||
| 12th Battalion (in German) | 6th Train Company | ||||||
| ? | S.-lieutenant Benoist (?) | ||||||
| Corps | Commander | 2nd in Command | Chief of Staff | Quartermaster | Chief Engineer | Adjutants |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prussian Mobile Corps | General d. Inf.Julius von Grawert | GenLtLudwig Yorck | Obst. Friedrich E. von Roeder | Obstlt.Johann F. K. von Lossau [pl;fr] (Genstab.) | Maj. Markoff |
|
| Prussian Infantry | GenMjrFriedrich Graf Kleist von Nollendorf | - | Maj.Ernst von Perbandt [de] (Genstab.) | - | - | |
| Prussian Cavalry | GenLtFriedrich von Massenbach [de] | - | - | - | - |
| Brigades | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st Brigade | |||||
| Inftantry Regt Nr. 1 [de] | |||||
| 1st East Prussian Infantry Regt | 2nd East Prussian Infantry Regt | ||||
| Fusilier Battalion | II Battalion | I Battalion | |||
| Maj. Christoph J. H. von Erammon | Maj.Carl von Kurnatowsky [de] | Maj. Ludwig von Krauthof | |||
| Inftantry Regt Nr. 2 [de] | Commander, 3rd East Prussian Infantry Regt:Major Ludwig F. von Sjoholm II | ||||
| 3rd East Prussian Infantry Regt | 4th East Prussian Infantry Regt | ||||
| I Battalion | Fusilier Battalion | I Battalion | |||
| Maj.Karl R. W. von Beckedorff [de] | Maj. Johann F. von Pfeiffer | Maj.Julius von Lübtow [de] | |||
? | |||||
| Fusilier Battalion | |||||
? | |||||
| 2nd East Prussian Regt | |||||
| Fusilier Battalion | |||||
| Maj. Friedrich W. von Funck | |||||
| 2nd Brigade | |||||
Commander:OberstleutnantHeinrich Wilhelm von Horn Adjutant: St.[expand acronym]KaptitanAugust Wilhelm Graf von Kanitz | |||||
| Infantry Regt Nr. 3 | |||||
| Colb.[expand acronym] Infantry Regt | 1st Pomeranian Infantry Regt | ||||
| I Battalion | Fusilier Battalion | II Battalion | |||
| Maj. Friedrich W. von Quednow | Maj.August Ferdinand von Borcke | Maj. Carl Ludwig Frhr. von Linsingen | |||
| Infantry Regt Nr. 4 | Commander:MajorErnst Ludwig von Tippelskirch | ||||
| Leib-Grenadier-Regt [de] | |||||
| Fusilier Battalion | I Battalion | II Battalion | |||
| Maj. August Heinrich von Reuss | Maj.Julius Gustav Friedrich von Both [de] | ||||
| 3rd Brigade | |||||
| Infantry Regt Nr. 5 | |||||
| 1st West Prussian Infantry Regt | 2nd West Prussian Infantry Regt | ||||
| I Battalion | Fusilier Battalion | I Battalion | |||
| Maj. von Imbrecht | Maj. Friedrich E. von Loebell | ||||
| Infantry Regt Nr. 6 [de] | Commander:Major Arwed K. von Carnall | ||||
| 1st Sch.[expand acronym] Inft. Regt | 2nd Sch.[expand acronym] Inft. Regt | ||||
| Maj. von Happe | Maj. Karl G. S. von Lessel | Maj. Karl Heinrich von Ziemietzi | |||
| East Prussian Jäger Battalion | 1st Battery, Prussian Army | ||||
| Maj.Vollmar K. F. von Clausewitz [de] | Uffz. Staffehl (one 3-lbr)[expand acronym] | ||||
| 1st Cavalry Brigade | |||||
| 1st Combined Dragoon Regt | Commander:MajorKarl Alexander Wilhelm von Treskow | ||||
| 1st Lithuanian Dragoon Regt | 2nd West Prussian Dragoon Regt | ||||
| 2nd Squadron | 4th Squadron | 1st Squadron | 2nd Squadron | ||
| Maj. von Kameke | Sgt.Rittm. Dresler | Maj. von Manstein | Maj.Friedrich Frhr. von Stiern [de] | ||
| 2nd West Prussian Dragoon Regt | Commander:Major Ernst T. von Eicke | ||||
| 2nd West Prussian Combined Dragoon Regt | |||||
| 1st West Prussian Dragoon Regt | |||||
| 1st Squadron | 3rd Squadron | ||||
| Rittm. Karl Weiss | Rittm. Ernst L. B. von Printz | ||||
| 3rd Combined Hussar Regt | Commander:Major Ernst T. von Eicke | ||||
| 1st Schles.[expand acronym] Hussar Regt | 2nd Schles.[expand acronym] Hussar Regt | ||||
| 1st Squadron | 3rd Squadron | 1st Squadron | 2nd Squadron | ||
| Sgt.[expand acronym]Rittm. Friedrich A. Kehler | Sgt.[expand acronym]Rittm. Muller | Maj. Johann H. von Schill | |||
| Brigades | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Commander:Major Johann H. von Schmidt | |||||
| Foot Artillery | |||||
| Foot Battery No. 1 (6-pdr) | Foot Battery No. 2 (6-pdr) | Foot Battery No. 3 (6-pdr) | Foot Battery No. 4 (6-pdr) | Half Battery (12-pdr) | |
| Pr.-Kapit. Huet | Stabs-Kapit. Wegner | Stabs-Kapit. Ziegler | Pr.-Kapit. Ludwig | Pr.-Kapit. von Roszynski | |
| Horse Artillery | Major Gustav von Fiebig II | ||||
| 1st Horse Battery | 2nd Horse Battery | 3rd Horse Battery | |||
| Stabs-Kapit. Johann K. L. von Zincken | Pr.-Kapit. Georg W. von Rentzell | Pr.-Kapit. von Graumann | |||
| Artillery Park | ? | ||||
| Park (Munitions) columns | |||||
| No. 1 | No. 2 | No. 3 | No. 4 | No. 5 | |
| Sec.-Lt. Schliew | Sec.-Lt. Herrmann | Prem.-Lt. Barenkampff | Pr.-Kapit. Meyer (4th Foot Co., Prussian Brigade) | Sec.-Lt. von Hertig I (8th Foot Co., Brand.[expand acronym] Brig.) | |
| Bridging Column | |||||
| Handwerk Columns | Commander, 2nd Foot Battery:Seconde-Lieutenant Lieben | ||||
| No. 1 | No. 2 | ||||
| ? | ? | ||||
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| Miners | ||||
? | ||||
| 1st Battalion | 2nd Battalion | |||
| 3rd Company | 5th Company | 1st Company | ||
| ? | ? | ? | ||
| Sappers | ||||
? | ||||
| 1st Battalion | Sapeurs de I'ile d'Elbe | Prussian Sappers | ||
| 1st Company | 2nd Company | Marine Bataillion d'ouviers de l'Escaut | 17th equipage de flottille | |
| ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |