| Wylam | |
|---|---|
 Wylam War Memorial | |
  Wylam Location withinNorthumberland | |
| Population | 1,924 (2011)[1] |
| OS grid reference | NZ115645 |
| Unitary authority | |
| Ceremonial county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | WYLAM |
| Postcode district | NE41 |
| Dialling code | 01661 |
| Police | Northumbria |
| Fire | Northumberland |
| Ambulance | North East |
| UK Parliament | |
| |
Wylam/ˈwaɪləm/ is a village andcivil parish in the county ofNorthumberland, England. It is located about 10 miles (16 km) west ofNewcastle upon Tyne.
It is famous for the being the birthplace ofGeorge Stephenson, one of the early railway pioneers.George Stephenson's Birthplace, his cottage, can be found on the north bank of theTyne 1 mile (1.6 km) east of the village. It is owned by theNational Trust.[2]
Wylam has further connections with the early railway pioneers. The steam locomotive engineerTimothy Hackworth, who worked with Stephenson, was also born here.William Hedley who was born in the nearby village ofNewburn attended the village school. He later went on to design and manufacturePuffing Billy in 1813, two years before George Stephenson produced his first locomotiveBlücher.Christopher Blackett aslord of the manor in the first 30 years of the 19th century provided the entrepreneurial drive that encouraged these engineers.
Once an industrial workplace with collieries and an ironworks, it is now a commuting village forNewcastle upon Tyne andHexham, served by theTyne Valley line.
The earliest reference to Wylam is in a record of 1158 that records that the settlement belonged to the priory atTynemouth. It is thought thatGuy de Balliol, Lord of Bywell, gave Wylam to the priory in 1085. The priors of Tynemouth held lands in the village until thedissolution of the monasteries in the 16th century.
TheBlackett family have had a long association with the village. In 1659 Christopher Blackett acquired the Lordship of the Manor of Wylam on the death of his wife's father, Thomas Fenwick. Following Christopher's death, his second son, John Blackett, took over the estate and purchased additional land in the area, including two farms at Wylam bought in 1685. These farms formed a modest estate and residence for the Blackett family until the third quarter of the 20th century. The Lordship also included mineral rights within the township. This allowed the family to develop the colliery and further increase their prosperity.
An article in theNewcastle Courant of 17 January 1874 entitled "Our Colliery Villages" paints an unattractive image of the village – 'Wylam is the very worst colliery village that we have yet beheld ...'. The colliery has an important place in the history of the development of the locomotive. It is thought that the Wylam waggonway was opened in 1748 and was therefore one of the earliest waggonways in theNorth of England. The waggonway linked the colliery to thestaiths at Lemington from where the coal was taken down theRiver Tyne on flat bottomed boats calledkeels to be loaded on the large coal ships further down the river.
Several famous engineers have had links with the village.George Stephenson was born at a small cottage at Wylam in June 1781.Timothy Hackworth's father was foreman blacksmith at the colliery and his son was born in the village in December 1786. Hackworth together withWilliam Hedley and Jonathan Forster were involved in the development of the locomotive engine at the colliery. Perhaps the most famous of the engines to be developed was thePuffing Billy, which is now housed atThe Science Museum in London, followed closely byWylam Dilly which is on display at theNational Museum of Scotland in Edinburgh. Wylam Railway Museum has lots more information on the village's unique place in railway history and is co-located with Wylam Library and has the same opening hours.
The late 18th century was a period of prosperity for the village – thecolliery was thriving and an ironworks, a leadshot manufactury and a brewery were all established in the village. In 1864 the ironworks closed. Four years later the colliery was closed. The brewery ceased to operate sometime in the 1870s. This decline in the industry led to a change in the character of the village. By the 20th century the village was almost entirely a residential settlement.
Wylam has approximately 800 households, with a population of 2,100.
Wylam, forLocal Government purposes, comes underNorthumberland County Council, aunitary authority.
It is in theparliamentary constituency ofHexham.
Wylam Winter Tales is a not-for-profit arts and culture festival held in the village[3] every January/February. It features a week of varied events including music, storytelling, film, crafts and history at venues throughout the village. It is funded through small grants, donations and ticket sales and is run by volunteers.
Wylam is located on the north and south sides of theRiver Tyne, in Northumberland, England. The riverside walks and country trails surrounding the village are popular for cyclists, runners and walkers alike and the view of Wylam Bridge from Wylam Wood Road towards the southwest is especially dramatic.
To the east ofWylam railway station is the mouth of the small brook known as Stanley Burn, which originates in the southern Prudhoe area and also forms the regional border betweenNorthumberland to the west and the borough ofGateshead (Tyne and Wear). The traditional boundary betweenNorthumberland andCounty Durham follows the River Tyne from this point.
Wylam Railway Bridge (also known as Points Bridge and the Half Moon bridge) is located atHagg Bank, approximately 1 mile (1.6 km) west of the town. It is awrought iron bridge built by theScotswood, Newburn and Wylam Railway Company in 1876 to link theNorth Wylam Loop with theNewcastle and Carlisle Railway.
The original plan had been to build a bridge with four spans resting on three piers on the river bed. This was rejected by the local coal companies who feared that the construction of the piers on the river bed would disturb the shallow mine workings below, which already suffered from flooding.
The designers found the solution in designing a single-span bridge carrying a double track, without the need for piers. The bridge consists of three parallel wrought iron arches resting on abutments on each bank, with the twin rail decks suspended by 14 wrought iron drop bars. It cost £16,000 to build. The bridge paved the way for new developments in bridge building – Newcastle'sTyne Bridge in 1928 andSydney Harbour Bridge in 1932, being direct descendants of the design and construction of Hagg's Bridge.
Many of the trains which used the bridge carried coal from the collieries atNewburn andWalbottle westwards toCarlisle.
The line was closed in 1968 and the bridge later purchased byNorthumberland County Council. It was restored in 1997 with help from theHeritage Lottery Fund. All the old lead-based paint was removed, requiring the bridge to be wrapped in plastic to prevent polluting the river.
The war memorial, which is a cross about 8 metres (26 ft) in height, stands by the roadside just to the north of Wylam Bridge. The inscriptions and names on the war memorial have been transcribed and published by the North East War Memorials Project.[4]
Unusually for a rural area, transport in Wylam is mainly Rail and cycle orientated.[citation needed]
RailwayThe village is served byWylam railway station on theTyne Valley Line. The line was opened in 1838, and links the city ofNewcastle upon Tyne in Northumberland withCarlisle inCumberland. The line follows the course of theRiver Tyne throughNorthumberland. Passenger services on the line are operated byNorthern. The line is also heavily used forgoods.
The railway station is on the south bank of theRiver Tyne. There used to be another railway station in Wylam on the north bank of the river, which was part of theScotswood, Newburn and Wylam Railway. The line has now closed and the tracks removed, with the North Wylam railway station area now being used as a car park.
BusThe bus service to and from Wylam is poor and many services have been discontinued over the years. There is an hourly service toNewcastle andHexham provided byGo North East with the X84 service.
CyclepathAfter theScotswood, Newburn and Wylam Railway line was closed the trackwork was removed and the trackbed later converted into acyclepath. That cyclepath forms part ofNational Cycle Network Route 72 and starts at Tyne Riverside Country Park at Low Prudhoe. After Wylam it keeps to the north side of the River Tyne, linking Wylam withNewcastle and the coast atTynemouth. There is another cyclepath on the south side of the river which starts in the car park at Wylam railway station and links Wylam toGateshead and the coast atSouth Shields.
Wylam's parish church was built in 1886 and is dedicated toSt. Oswin, aNorthumbrian saint. Wylam St. Oswin's has a regular Sunday and weekday services. Pre-1886 the villagers of Wylam had to walk to nearbyOvingham to attend church, George and William Hedley, sons of Frances and William, the railway engineer, contributed most of the money needed to build the church so the Anglicans of Wylam could have their own place of worship. The church has six bells with regular Sunday ringing and a practice night on Mondays.[5]
Wylam also has a Methodist chapel, located on Chapel Lane. The chapel was extended in the 1990s to extend the worship and meeting areas, and to also include a kitchen.
Churches in and around Wylam, notablyHorsley andCrawcrook, of differentdenominations have a covenant to work together in the community, to share in youth work and some special services such asHarvest,Remembrance Day and some Christmas and Easter services.
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