Movatterモバイル変換

[0]ホーム
URL:

Jump to content
WikipediaThe Free Encyclopedia
Search

Wuwei, Gansu

Coordinates:37°55′44″N102°38′17″E / 37.929°N 102.638°E /37.929; 102.638
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Prefecture-level city in Gansu, People's Republic of China
Wuwei
武威市
Clockwise from top: South Gate of Wuwei, seat ofGulang County, Wuwei railway station, Hongyashan Reservoir inMinqin County, rock formation inTianzhu County.
Location of Wuwei City jurisdiction in Gansu
Location of Wuwei City jurisdiction in Gansu
Wuwei is located in Gansu
Wuwei
Wuwei
Show map of Gansu
Wuwei is located in China
Wuwei
Wuwei
Show map of China
Coordinates (Wuwei municipal government):37°55′44″N102°38′17″E / 37.929°N 102.638°E /37.929; 102.638
CountryPeople's Republic of China
ProvinceGansu
Municipal seatLiangzhou District
Area
33,000 km2 (13,000 sq mi)
Population
 (2020)
1,464,955
 • Density44/km2 (110/sq mi)
 • Urban
688,697
GDP[1]
 • Prefecture-level cityCN¥ 41.6 billion
US$ 6.7 billion
 • Per capitaCN¥ 22,930
US$ 3,682
Time zoneUTC+8 (CST)
ISO 3166 codeCN-GS-06
Websitewww.ww.gansu.gov.cn

Wuwei (Chinese:武威;pinyin:Wǔwēi) is aprefecture-level city in northwest centralGansu province. In the north it bordersInner Mongolia, in the southwest,Qinghai. Its central location between three western capitals,Lanzhou,Xining, andYinchuan makes it an important business and transportation hub for the area. Because of its position along theHexi Corridor, historically the only route from central China to western China and the rest ofCentral Asia, many major railroads and national highways pass through Wuwei.

History

[edit]
The Silk Road in its entirety
WuweiConfucian temple.

In ancient times, Wuwei was called Liangzhou (涼州—the name retained by today's Wuwei'scentral urban district) and is the eastern terminus of theHexi Corridor. People began settling here about 5,000 years ago. It was a key link for theNorthern Silk Road,[2] and a number of importantarchaeological finds were uncovered from Wuwei, including ancient copper carts with stone animals.[3] The motifs and types of objects in the Wuwei graves, as well as their earthenware, lacquer, and bronze composition, constitute typical examples of theHan Chinese burial style that can be found all over China. Other graves found along the Hexi Corridor showXiongnu and other minority influence, which are used to trace regimes such as theNorthern Liang.[4] It became an important provincial capital during theFormer Han dynasty as theHou Hanshu makes clear:

"In the third year [170 CE], Meng Tuo, the Inspector of Liangzhou (modern Wuwei), sent the Assistant Officer Ren She, commanding five hundred soldiers fromDunhuang. He, with theWuji Major Cao Kuan, and Chief Clerk of the Western Regions, Zhang Yan, brought troops from Yanqi (Karashahr), Qiuci (Kucha), and the Nearer and Further Kingdoms of Jushi (Turfan and Jimasa), altogether numbering more than 30,000, to punish Shule (Kashgar). They attacked the town of Zhenzhong (Arach) but, having stayed for more than forty days without being able to subdue it, they withdrew. Following this, the kings of Shule (Kashgar) killed one another repeatedly and, for its part, the Imperial Government was unable to prevent it."[5]

In 121 BCHan emperorWudi brought his cavalry here to defend theHexi Corridor against theXiongnu Huns. His military success allowed him to expand the corridor westward. Its importance as a stop along theSilk Road made it a crossroads of cultures andethnic groups from all over central Asia. NumerousBuddhistgrottoes andtemples in the area attest to its role as a path for bringing Buddhism fromIndia andAfghanistan to China.

During theThree Kingdoms period (184-280), Liangzhou was governed byMa Teng. After the death of Ma Teng,Ma Chao assumed the post and governed the province for a short time before it fell into the hands ofCao Cao, ruler ofCao Wei.

Liangzhou was briefly (from 400 to 421) a state during theSixteen Kingdoms period.

Famous cultural relics from Wuwei includethe Galloping Bronze Horse (铜奔马),Western Xia mausoleums (西夏碑),Wuwei White Towers Temple (白塔寺),Tianti Mountain Grotto (天梯山石窟), the Luoshi (Kumārajīva) Temple (罗什寺塔), and the Confucian temple (文庙).

Geography and climate

[edit]

Wuwei is located in theHexi Corridor between theTibetan Plateau andMongolian Plateau. The south of Wuwei is higher than the north, with an elevation ranging from 1,020 to 4,874 metres (3,346 to 15,991 ft) above sea-level. Its area is 33,000 km2 (13,000 sq mi). Average annual temperature is 7.8 °C (46.0 °F). The climate is acold desert climate (KöppenBWk), with precipitation between 60 and 610 mm (2.4 and 24.0 in). Evaporation is from 1,400 to 3,000 mm (55 to 118 in), creating anet loss of water each year. There are 2200–3000 sunlight hours each year and 85–165 frost free days. Summer temperatures can be in excess of 45.0 °C (113.0 °F), in the shade are by no means unheard of.

Southwest of Wuwei, there is a 230 metres (750 ft) thickTianzhu Formation made ofclastics intercalated with sandyshale and shale.[6] Minerals deposits occurring in the vicinity of Wuwei includegraphite,iron,titanium, andlimestone.

Climate data for Wuwei, elevation 1,540 m (5,050 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2010)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)15.5
(59.9)		22.3
(72.1)		28.1
(82.6)		32.7
(90.9)		34.2
(93.6)		35.0
(95.0)		40.8
(105.4)		37.3
(99.1)		34.9
(94.8)		27.8
(82.0)		22.8
(73.0)		17.9
(64.2)		40.8
(105.4)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)0.1
(32.2)		4.8
(40.6)		11.4
(52.5)		18.8
(65.8)		23.6
(74.5)		27.8
(82.0)		29.8
(85.6)		28.1
(82.6)		22.9
(73.2)		16.6
(61.9)		9.0
(48.2)		1.9
(35.4)		16.2
(61.2)
Daily mean °C (°F)−7.2
(19.0)		−2.7
(27.1)		4.1
(39.4)		11.6
(52.9)		16.7
(62.1)		21.0
(69.8)		22.8
(73.0)		21.1
(70.0)		15.8
(60.4)		8.9
(48.0)		1.3
(34.3)		−5.4
(22.3)		9.0
(48.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)−13.3
(8.1)		−8.9
(16.0)		−2.2
(28.0)		4.4
(39.9)		9.3
(48.7)		13.5
(56.3)		15.7
(60.3)		14.7
(58.5)		9.9
(49.8)		2.7
(36.9)		−4.7
(23.5)		−10.9
(12.4)		2.5
(36.5)
Record low °C (°F)−25.3
(−13.5)		−25.0
(−13.0)		−19.3
(−2.7)		−7.7
(18.1)		−3.0
(26.6)		2.8
(37.0)		7.2
(45.0)		4.3
(39.7)		−0.8
(30.6)		−14.4
(6.1)		−22.7
(−8.9)		−32.0
(−25.6)		−32.0
(−25.6)
Averageprecipitation mm (inches)2.2
(0.09)		2.1
(0.08)		5.7
(0.22)		9.8
(0.39)		18.0
(0.71)		22.5
(0.89)		34.7
(1.37)		41.1
(1.62)		29.1
(1.15)		10
(0.4)		3.0
(0.12)		1.8
(0.07)		180
(7.11)
Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm)2.92.33.43.86.26.68.29.88.14.62.41.960.2
Average snowy days4.54.14.51.60.300001.73.43.623.7
Averagerelative humidity (%)50444036414754586155535449
Mean monthlysunshine hours224.4223.0247.1253.1276.5268.6264.4248.6214.8237.9231.0224.52,913.9
Percentagepossible sunshine73736664636159605970777667
Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[7][8]
Source 2: Weather China[9]

A species ofstone loach,Triplophysa wuweiensis, is named after Wuwei where it was first discovered.[10]

Administration

[edit]
Dayun Temple

1urban district, 2counties, 1autonomous county, 116towns, and 41townships

Map
NameHanziHanyu PinyinPopulation
(2010)		Area
(km2)		Density
(/km2)
Liangzhou District凉州区Liángzhōu Qū1,010,2955,081207.29
Minqin County民勤县Mínqín Xiàn241,25116,01615.2
Gulang County古浪县Gǔlàng Xiàn388,7205,28778.13
Tianzhu Tibetan
Autonomous County		天祝藏族自治县Tiānzhù Zàngzú
Zìzhìxiàn		174,7936,86525.71

Demographics

[edit]

Population Overview

[edit]

By 2020, the population reached 1,464,955[11] with 38 ethnic groups represented includingHan,Hui,Mongol,Tu,Tibetan, etc.

Census1st Census (1953)2nd Census (1964)3rd Census (1982)4th Census (1990)5th Census (2000)
County/DistrictPopulation%Population%Population%Population%Population%
Wuwei/Liangzhou510,24128.18520,09433.90763,71946.38876,02052.48946,50651.52
Minqin220,02212.15179,06111.67241,51014.67258,94715.51302,08516.45
Gulang139,2387.69186,26712.14287,26917.44323,50719.38367,04819.98
Tianzhu58,7313.24118,6257.73184,41011.20210,84512.63221,34712.05
Jingtai[12]65,5183.6293,8626.12169,85810.31Placed underBaiyin since 1985
Yongchang[13]125,5786.94174,22111.36Placed underJinchang since 1981
Yongdeng[14]264,78714.62261,88017.07Placed underLanzhou since 1970
Zhangye[15]254,90014.08Now asGanzhou District, placed underZhangye since 1955
Minle[16]106,6755.89Placed underZhangye since 1955
Shandan[17]64,8983.58Placed underZhangye since 1955
Total1,810,5881,534,0101,646,7661,669,3191,836,923
Census6th Census(2010)[18]7th Census(2020)[19]
County/DistrictPopulation%Population%
Liangzhou174,7909.63885,27760.43
Minqin1,010,29555.67178,47012.18
Gulang241,25113.29250,17717.07
Tianzhu388,71821.41151,03110.32
Total1,815,0541,464,955

Urbanization and Gender Structure[11][18]

[edit]
National CensusUrban PopulationMaleFemaleSex

Ratio

TotalUrbanizationTotal%Total%
5th370,008[20]20.14%949,435#51.69%887,488#48.31%106.98
6th500,52827.56%933,48251.43%881,57248.57%105.89
7th688,69747.01%740,30650.53%724,64949.47%102.16
Observation#No data, estimated based on the published sex ratio

Education Level[11][18]

[edit]
National CensusUniversity Education (including associate degree)High School EducationSecondary EducationPrimary Educationilliteracy
Total%Total%Total%Total%Total%
5th33,927*2.08%182,774*11.22%504,999*31.01%738,388*45.34%168,49910.35%
6th98,9325.84%257,77215.23%681,56240.26%540,19331.91%114,4756.76%
7th184,99413.69%207,94015.38%456,77933.79%418,20030.94%83,8126.20%
Observation*Estimation, the original data is the number of people educated per 100,000 people. The number of people educated per 100,000 people in universities, high schools, junior high schools, and primary schools is 1847, 9950, 27491, and 40197, respectively

Age Distribution and Population Pyramid

[edit]
The 5th, 6th, and 7th National Census of Wuwei - Gender and Age Structure[20]
National Census7th6th5th
Age Group(years)MaleFemaleMaleFemaleMaleFemale
0-444,48540,26348,98139,04670,50448,496
5-946,33940,51953,97441,208100,74384,294
10-1447,44039,42973,28656,878109,253100,793
15-1942,41833,60098,85286,98375,92472,156
20-2431,30929,02881,60782,94950,14850,967
25-2942,72242,67058,23858,22290,74090,367
30-3450,03152,06650,72447,871107,026108,502
35-3942,34742,62786,54386,54885,42786,072
40-4439,74038,369100,781102,53552,81948,012
45-4970,82174,01078,77981,64556,28251,909
50-5483,14987,00748,77344,67442,42841,012
55-5964,46467,02150,62748,15335,44033,260
60-6438,39835,82135,97336,37930,84629,633
65-6940,66840,44228,43628,21322,23922,436
70-7426,79928,67020,11620,96010,76610,577
75 or above29,17633,10717,79719,3088,4669,449
Population Pyramid of Wuwei
The following pictures are based on The 5th, 6th, and 7th National Census of Wuwei - Gender and Age Structure[20]

No. of Household[18][11]

[edit]
National CensusNo. of HouseholdPopulationNo. of ppls/household
5thNo DataNo Data3.95
6th467,0401,748,5883.74
7th529,1191,383,3972.61

Wuwei Ethnic Population and Gender[21]

[edit]

Ethnic Population by County/District（2020）

County/DistrictHan%Minorities%
Liangzhou District870,61098.3%14,6671.7%
Minqin County176,78999.1%1,6810.9%
Gulang County246,50398.5%3,6741.5%
Tianzhu Tibetan
Autonomous County		89,76259.4%61,26940.6%
Wuwei1,383,66494.5%81,2915.5%

Gender Data by Ethnicity（2020）

County/DistrictMale (Han)Female (Han)Sex Ratio (Han)Male (Minorities)Female (Minorities)Sex Ratio (Minorities)
Liangzhou District438,898431,712101.77,6207,047108.1
Minqin County90,39486,395104.6915766119.5
Gulang County123,481123,022100.41,7061,96886.7
Tianzhu Tibetan
Autonomous County		46,63843,124108.130,65430,615100.1
Wuwei699,411684,253102.240,89540,396101.2

Birth Rate, Mortality Rate, and Natural Growth Rate in Wuwei[22][23]

[edit]
Legend↑Natural growth rate increased compared to the previous year

↓Natural growth rate decreased compared to the previous year

*There is currently no data available

YearBirth Rate(‰)Mortality Rate(‰)Natural Growth Rate(‰)Trend of Three Rates
200013.335.577.76
Green Line: Birth Rate Red Line: Mortality Rate;

Grey Line: Natural Growth Rate

200111.975.216.76↓
2002**6.28↓
2003**5.59↓
2004**5.61↓
2005**5.81↑
2006**6.29↑
2007**6.43↑
2008**6.69↑
2009**6.69
2010**5.36↓
2011**5.28↓
201210.525.235.29↓
201310.575.265.31↑
201410.615.285.33↑
201510.815.315.50↑
201610.835.815.02↓
201711.386.225.16↑
20189.426.183.24↓
20199.216.322.89↓
2020**-2.12↓
20218.9310.21-1.98↑
20227.8410.55-2.72↓
2023(Expected)8.0910.43-2.35↑
2028(Expected)6.6313.32-6.70

Economy

[edit]

Consistent sunlight and fertile soil make agriculture one of Wuwei's biggest industries. Other important industries are textiles, metallurgy, and construction materials. Melons, vegetables, wine and livestock are all major agricultural products.Organic farming is a trend with more land being set aside for “green farming” each year. Land use can be broken down into the following:

  • 790 square kilometres (310 sq mi) of water
  • 34,800 square kilometres (13,400 sq mi) of forest
  • 355,300 square kilometres (137,200 sq mi) of grassland.
  • 247,000 square kilometres (95,000 sq mi) of “undeveloped” land.
  • 39,100 square kilometres (15,100 sq mi) of farmland.
    • 8,000 square kilometres (3,100 sq mi) of corn
    • 4,000 square kilometres (1,500 sq mi) of vegetables
    • 3,000 square kilometres (1,200 sq mi) of melons
    • 5,000 square kilometres (1,900 sq mi) for livestock
    • 800 square kilometres (310 sq mi) of vineyards

Transport

[edit]

Railway[24]

[edit]

There are two railway lines that pass through Wuwei, namely theLanzhou-Xinjiang Railway and theGantang-Wuwei Railway. Both are east–west railway lines. Since there are no north–south railway lines crossing Wuwei, there are no railway lines passing through Minqin County which lies in the northern part of Wuwei, therefore, there are no railway stations inMinqin.

There exist various railway stations in Liangzhou District, Gulang County andTianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County. Wuwei Railway Station (second-class station) is the largest train station in terms of passenger traffic in Wuwei. It is located 303 kilometers east ofLanzhou Station and 1,589 kilometers west ofÜrümqi Railway Station.

Railway Stations in Wuwei

[edit]
Pictures
Wuwei Railway Station Before Rebuilt
Wuwei Railway Station Before Rebuilt
Wuwei Railway Station After Rebuilt
Wuwei Railway Station After Rebuilt
Wuwei South Railway Station
Wuwei South Railway Station
Platform, Tianzhu Railway Station
Platform, Tianzhu Railway Station
Major Railway Stations in Wuwei
StationCounty/DistrictStation ClassRailwaysAvailable for[25]
Wuwei Railway StationLiangzhouSecondLanzhou-Xinjiang Railway,Gantang-Wuwei RailwayPassenger, Package, Luggage
Wuwei S. Railway StationLiangzhouFirstLanzhou-Xinjiang Railway,Gantang-Wuwei RailwayPassenger
Wuwei E. Railway Station (High Speed Railway)LiangzhouSecondLanzhou-Zhangye High Speed RailwayPassenger
Gulang Railway StationGulangFourthLanzhou-Xinjiang RailwayPassenger
Gulang N. Railway Station (High Speed Railway)Gulang-Lanzhou-Zhangye High Speed RailwayPassenger
Tianzhu Railway StationTianzhuThirdLanzhou-Xinjiang RailwayPassenger
Tianzhu W. Railway Station (High Speed Railway)Tianzhu-Lanzhou-Zhangye High Speed RailwayPassenger

Highway

[edit]
CategoryEnglish name

Chinese Name

CodeService Level
National FreewayLianhuo Freeway

连霍高速

G30连霍高速标志In Service
Wujin Freeway

武金高速

G3017武威至金昌高速标志In Service
Dingwu Freeway

定武高速

In Service
Province FreewayWuwei Ring Freeway

武威绕城高速

In Service
Beixian Freeway

北仙高速

In Service
Minhong Freeway

民红高速

In Service
Leixi Freeway

雷西高速

Under Construction
National HighwayG312 National Highway

G312 国道

G312In Service
Manda Highway

G569 曼大公路

G569Under Construction
Dingwu Highway

G667 武定公路

G667In Service

Footnotes

[edit]
  1. ^甘肃省统计局、国家统计局甘肃调查总队 (November 2016).《甘肃发展年鉴－2016》.China Statistics Press.ISBN 978-7-5037-7894-0.[permanent dead link]
  2. ^Silk Road, North China, C Michael Hogan, The Megalithic Portal, ed. A Burnham
  3. ^Zhang Yiping (2005).Story of the Silk Road.China Intercontinental Press.ISBN 978-7-5085-0832-0.
  4. ^Juhl, Susanne (1998). "Burial Sites in Hexi". In Atabaki, Touraj; O'Kane, John (eds.).Post-Soviet Central Asia. Tauris Academic Studies. pp. 370–371.
  5. ^Hill (2015), p. 45.
  6. ^Chih-i Chou, William Thornton Dean,Phanerozoic Geology of Northwest China, 1996,316 pagesISBN 90-6764-228-2
  7. ^中国气象数据网 – WeatherBk Data (in Simplified Chinese).China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved27 August 2023.
  8. ^"Experience Template"中国气象数据网 (in Simplified Chinese).China Meteorological Administration. Retrieved27 August 2023.
  9. ^武威 - 气象数据 -中国天气网 (in Chinese). Weather China. Retrieved29 November 2022.
  10. ^Eschmeyer, W. N.; R., Fricke, eds. (3 December 2015)."Catalog of Fishes". California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved20 December 2015.
  11. ^abcd"武威市人民政府 普查数据 武威市第七次全国人口普查公报[1]".www.gswuwei.gov.cn. Archived fromthe original on 2023-08-12. Retrieved2024-01-02.
  12. ^景泰县志. 景泰县: 景泰县志编纂委员会. 1996. pp. 607–612.ISBN 7-311-01050-0.
  13. ^永昌县志. 永昌县: 永昌县志编纂委员会. 1993. pp. 183–226.ISBN 7-226-01083-6.
  14. ^永登县志. 永登县: 永登县地方史志编纂委员. 1997. pp. 133–140.ISBN 7-5421-0459-4.
  15. ^张掖市志. 张掖市: 甘肃省张掖市志编修委员会. 1993. pp. 110–123.ISBN 7-226-01466-1.
  16. ^民乐县志. 民乐县: 民乐县志编纂委员会. 1996. pp. 151–176.ISBN 7-226-01622-2.
  17. ^山丹县志. 山丹县: 山丹县地方志编纂委员会. 1993. pp. 640–648.ISBN 7-226-01228-6.
  18. ^abcd"武威市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报_中国统计信息网".www.cnstats.org. Retrieved2023-07-15.[permanent dead link]
  19. ^"武威市第七次全国人口普查公报".武威市人民政府.Archived from the original on 2021-10-28. Retrieved2021-10-12.
  20. ^abc"武威市人口普查数据 第五、六、七次人口普查武威市人口-59城市迷". 2023-07-15. Archived fromthe original on 2023-07-15. Retrieved2024-01-02.
  21. ^"《甘肃发展年鉴2021》使用方法" [How to use Gansu Development Yearbook 2021].tjj.gansu.gov.cn (in Chinese).[permanent dead link]
  22. ^"武威市人民政府 统计年鉴".www.gswuwei.gov.cn. Archived fromthe original on 2023-07-16. Retrieved2024-01-02.
  23. ^"甘肃省统计年鉴".
  24. ^"中国铁路12306网站".www.12306.cn. Retrieved2024-01-02.
  25. ^"铁路客户服务中心--".www.12306.cn.Archived from the original on 2021-01-02. Retrieved2024-01-01.

References

[edit]
  • Hill, John E. (2015)Through the Jade Gate to Rome - China to Rome. CreateSpace, Charleston, South Carolina.ISBN 978-1500696702.

External links

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related toWuwei.
Links to related articles
Prefecture-level
cities
Lanzhou
Jiayuguan
Subdistricts
Towns
Districts (defunct)
Jinchang
Baiyin
Tianshui
Wuwei
Zhangye
Pingliang
Jiuquan
Qingyang
Dingxi
Longnan
Autonomous
prefectures
Linxia
Gannan
Provinces
Anhui
Fujian
Gansu
Guangdong
Guizhou
Hainan
Hebei
Henan
Hubei
Heilongjiang
Hunan
Jilin
Jiangsu
Jiangxi
Liaoning
Qinghai
Sichuan
Shaanxi
Shandong
Shanxi
Taiwan
Yunnan
Zhejiang
Autonomous
regions
Guangxi
Ningxia
Inner
Mongolia
Xinjiang
Tibet
Direct-administered municipalities
Special administrative regions
Largest cities in Gansu
Source:China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2018 Urban Population and Urban Temporary Population
RankPop.RankPop.
1Lanzhou2,460,70011Qingyang207,700
2Tianshui696,60012Jinchang171,500
3Baiyin406,50013Longnan168,500
4Jiuquan389,10014Dunhuang120,400
5Wuwei339,00015Huating89,800
6Pingliang300,00016Yumen77,300
7Zhangye270,30017Hezuo72,600
8Linxia245,800
9Jiayuguan231,800
10Dingxi209,200
International
Other
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wuwei,_Gansu&oldid=1318399512"
Categories:
Hidden categories:
[8]ページ先頭
©2009-2025 Movatter.jp