| Wuliwuli | |
|---|---|
| Wuli Wuli, Wulli Wulli | |
| Native to | Australia |
| Region | Queensland |
| Ethnicity | Wulili |
| Extinct | (date missing) |
Pama–Nyungan
| |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | wlu |
| Glottolog | wuli1242 |
| AIATSIS[1] | E89 |
Wuliwuli (alsoWuli Wuli,Wulli Wulli) is an extinctAustralian Aboriginal language of thePama–Nyungan language family formerly spoken by theWulli Wulli people inQueensland,Australia.[1]
The Wulli Wulli language region includes the landscape within the local government boundaries of theNorth Burnett Regional Council, particularly the town ofEidsvold and theAuburn River catchment, including the properties ofWalloon,Camboon, andHawkwood.[2]
Wuliwuli is regarded as a dialect ofWakka Wakka.[3]
The alternate names for Wuliwuli are Wilili, Wililililee, Willillee, Wuli Wuli, Wulili, Wulilli, and Wulli Wulli.[4]
The name Wuliwuli is from the personal pronounwuli, meaning "they".[5]: 38
The phonetic system of Wuliwuli is the same as that ofWakka Wakka andBarunggan.[5]: 39
Stem structure, the rules surroundingderivation, and the derivative suffixes are largely the same as inWakka Wakka andBarunggan.[5]: 40
Locatives are expressed by theablativeaffix.Allatives are expressed either by the ablative, or thepostpositionsgu orgua.Perlatives can also be found.[5]: 41
Examples of nominal derivational suffixes include-gan (feminine suffix, e.g.ɲuam "husband",ɲuamgan "wife") and-ŋal (sociative suffix, e.g.bulu orbuluŋ "stomach, belly",buluŋal "pregnant").[5]: 40
The articles used are-bam and-ᶁin. Whether there is a difference in meaning between the two is unclear (e.g.murunbam ormurunᶁin "(some) dark people"), although-ᶁin may be used for relationship terms. On occasion both suffixes can be joined together (e.g.ginbam orginbamᶁin, "(some) women").[5]: 41
The table below shows paradigms for the recorded pronouns in Wulli Wulli:[5]: 41–42
| Nominative | Ergative | Objective | Possessive | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First person singular | ŋia | ŋaᶁu, ᶁu | ŋaɲa | ŋa˙ri (-riɲ) |
| Second person singular | ŋin | ŋindu | ŋina, na | ŋingari |
| Third person singular | jo˙, ja | jalu, jaru, ru | jaŋa, ŋa | ? |
| First persondual | ŋam | ŋambu, ŋamundu | ? | ? |
| Second person dual | ɲiwam, ŋo˙m | ? | ? | ? |
| Third person dual | wulam | bulambu | ? | ? |
| First person plural | ŋai | ? | ? | ? |
| Third person plural | wuli, li (-li) | wuliru | wuliŋa | ? |
Compound forms are also found (e.g.ŋam ŋin "we two, you and me" (inclusive)).[5]: 42
The possessive pronounŋariɲ "my, mine" was found in the corpus with the article-ᶁin.[5]: 42
The demonstrative pronouns aregana,gara "here, this" andmana,mara "there, that", with noinflectional forms recorded. Examples includegana jo˙ bai "he has come here" andmana jo˙ ba˙n "he is coming there". There seem to be shortened formsna andra (-ra) (although the former is ambigious as-na is animperfective suffix).[5]: 42
The interrogative pronouns areŋana "who?" andmiɲa "what?", with the following inflectional forms recorded:[5]: 42
| Nominative | Ergative | Objective | Allative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ŋana | ŋana | ŋandu | ŋana | ? |
| miɲa | miɲa | ? | ? | miɲaŋgu |
Examples of verbal derivational suffixes include-ma- (causative, e.g.garima "put in"),-la- or-le- (associative, e.g.gaila "look for") and-ŋi- (e.g.gilaŋi "turn around").[5]: 40
There are two regular patterns of conjugation, in addition to irregular ones. The first uses-j- as the "thematic element"; the imperfective ends in-ena, whereas the intentional ends in-wa. The second uses a nasal (-n-,-ɲ-); the imperfective may end in-na, theperfective in-ɲi, and the intentional in-wa.[5]: 42
Some words from the Wulli Wulli language, as spelt and written by Wulli Wulli authors include:[2]
This Wikipedia article incorporates text fromWuli Wuli published by theState Library of Queensland underCC BYlicence, accessed on 6 June 2022.