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Wuchuan 吴川市 Wuchwan | |
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 On this map of Zhanjiang, Wuchuan is the easternmost part, shown in light blue next to the region in pink. | |
  Wuchuan Location in Guangdong | |
| Coordinates:21°26′28″N110°46′44″E / 21.441°N 110.779°E /21.441; 110.779 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Guangdong |
| Prefecture-level city | Zhanjiang |
| Area | |
• Total | 848 km2 (327 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census) | |
• Total | 907,354 |
| • Density | 1,070/km2 (2,770/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Website | Official website |
| Wuchuan, Guangdong | |||||||||
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| Traditional Chinese | 吳川 | ||||||||
| Simplified Chinese | 吴川 | ||||||||
| Literal meaning | Wu River(s) | ||||||||
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Wuchuan[a] is acounty-level city in southwesternGuangdong province, China. It is the easternmostcounty-level division of theprefecture-level city ofZhanjiang. Wuchuan covers an area of 848 square kilometers (327 sq mi), with a population of 907,354 as of 2020.[3]
Under theSui dynasty, Wuchuan was a small county known as Wujiang located along theJian River.[citation needed] During theQing dynasty, Wuchuan was administered fromGaozhouCommandery.[1] (now a county-level city within the neighboringMaomingPrefecture). On May 26, 1994, the Ministry of Civil Affairs of the People's Republic of China approved the elevation of Wuchuan County to county-level city status and placed it under the administration of Zhanjiang.
Wuchuan is located on the Jian River where it flows into theSouth China Sea, on the eastern coast of theLeizhou Peninsula. It borders Zhanjiang'sPotou District to the west,Lianjiang to the southwest,Huazhou to the north, and theMaoming districts ofMaonan andDianbai to the east and northeast. The time zone for Wuchuan, as with all locations in the People's Republic of China, is Beijing Time (GMT +8).
| Climate data for Wuchuan, elevation 27 m (89 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) | |||||||||||||
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| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 27.4 (81.3) | 30.7 (87.3) | 30.6 (87.1) | 33.6 (92.5) | 36.0 (96.8) | 37.7 (99.9) | 38.5 (101.3) | 38.5 (101.3) | 37.0 (98.6) | 35.4 (95.7) | 33.0 (91.4) | 28.8 (83.8) | 38.5 (101.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 20.0 (68.0) | 20.7 (69.3) | 23.5 (74.3) | 26.3 (79.3) | 29.7 (85.5) | 31.3 (88.3) | 31.4 (88.5) | 31.6 (88.9) | 31.3 (88.3) | 29.2 (84.6) | 26.2 (79.2) | 21.4 (70.5) | 26.9 (80.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 16.1 (61.0) | 17.1 (62.8) | 20.3 (68.5) | 23.4 (74.1) | 27.1 (80.8) | 28.7 (83.7) | 28.7 (83.7) | 28.4 (83.1) | 27.7 (81.9) | 25.2 (77.4) | 22.3 (72.1) | 17.3 (63.1) | 23.5 (74.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 13.7 (56.7) | 14.9 (58.8) | 18.2 (64.8) | 21.5 (70.7) | 25.1 (77.2) | 26.5 (79.7) | 26.6 (79.9) | 26.0 (78.8) | 25.1 (77.2) | 22.3 (72.1) | 19.6 (67.3) | 14.5 (58.1) | 21.2 (70.1) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 5.3 (41.5) | 4.3 (39.7) | 5.1 (41.2) | 11.4 (52.5) | 16.8 (62.2) | 19.2 (66.6) | 22.6 (72.7) | 22.4 (72.3) | 17.3 (63.1) | 13.6 (56.5) | 6.7 (44.1) | 4.0 (39.2) | 4.0 (39.2) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 35.2 (1.39) | 32.2 (1.27) | 49.3 (1.94) | 129.0 (5.08) | 181.1 (7.13) | 249.5 (9.82) | 236.7 (9.32) | 280.2 (11.03) | 201.2 (7.92) | 90.8 (3.57) | 32.5 (1.28) | 37.1 (1.46) | 1,554.8 (61.21) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 6.0 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 11.0 | 14.0 | 15.4 | 14.2 | 16.8 | 14.0 | 6.7 | 5.1 | 5.2 | 126.2 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 78 | 84 | 86 | 87 | 86 | 85 | 84 | 84 | 81 | 75 | 74 | 73 | 81 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 128.3 | 98.8 | 92.0 | 122.9 | 180.4 | 197.6 | 232.9 | 212.7 | 201.3 | 216.0 | 183.6 | 153.8 | 2,020.3 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 38 | 31 | 25 | 32 | 44 | 49 | 57 | 54 | 55 | 60 | 55 | 46 | 46 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[4][5] | |||||||||||||
Three main language varieties are spoken in Wuchuan.[6]
In Zhanjiang's northern downtown districts, the spoken language is primarilyCantonese, whileLeizhou Min is the prestige language inMazhang District,Leizhou City, and other nearby counties. The dialect spoken in Lianjiang County isHakka.
The Jianjiang drainage basin is a region where people ofHan nationality and otherBaiyue ethnic groups have lived together throughout history. Local authorities subordinated to a central government of Han nationality have existed since theNorthern and Southern Dynasties. The establishment of local governments such asLuzhou and Gaozhou and their close relationships withGuangzhou have promoted the Hanization of the local Baiyue ethnic groups, leading to the formation of Wuchuan-Huazhou Cantonese, a dialect of Chinese.[7]
Piaose is a significant folk art form from Guangdong province. Over time, it has largely disappeared from many areas, but it continues to be an integral part of life and culture in Wuchuan. Wuchuan Piaose holds substantial aesthetic, artistic, and humanistic value. It incorporates distinctive imagery based on its origins and composition. However, Wuchuan Piaose also faces challenges from foreign cultural influences, funding issues, publicity, and the need for artistic innovation.
In July 2009, the Wuchuan Piaose team was invited to participate in the Chengdu International Intangible Cultural Heritage Festival.
Clay sculpture is considered an "original art" form, with its ancient origins reflecting its status as one of the earliest human arts. Clay sculpture not only documents folk life but also creates a vibrant artistic space. The regional and stable nature of clay sculpture art represents the values and aesthetic experiences of its people. Protecting its "cultural difference" and aesthetic diversity is crucial for the preservation and survival of contemporary clay sculpture art in China.[8]
Years-cases are traditional activities unique to western Guangdong, centered around local deities. This festival features elaborate sacrificial ceremonies and rituals that are performed as a unified event. Years-cases consist of four main components: the gods of years-cases, the rituals, the opera, and the feast.
The gods of years-cases form the core of the festival. This chapter focuses on the evolution of the gods' images, which have become increasingly complex. There are two major patterns in the changes of these images: one involves the combination of multiple gods' images, while the other features different gods within the same ritual. These changes reflect the evolving ideas and concepts of the community.
The parade of gods is the most crucial part of the years-cases ritual, embodying the community's culture and beliefs. Field surveys of Beiyue village's rituals will be used as examples to examine these patterns. Further studies are planned on the secularization and commercialization of years-cases.
The opera of years-cases primarily involves nighttime performances. The ritual and opera must complement each other, with actors also serving as priests. The opera allegorizes the themes of years-cases.
The feast of years-cases is also a ritual, where food is symbolically consumed. This process reflects local eating habits and supports the pig and poultry industries in Wuchuan.[9]
As of 2013, Wuchuan has 468 schools at all levels, including 1 teacher training school, 11 middle schools, and 296 primary schools. The total student enrollment is 206,202, comprising 97,778 high school students, 77,179 primary school students, and a number of nursery school students.
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