TheWoodvale Defence Association (WDA) was anUlster loyalistvigilante group in the Woodvale district ofBelfast, an area immediately to the north of theShankill Road.
The organisation grew from a few smaller vigilante groups. It initially met in a pigeon fancier's club on Leopold Street,[1] a location found on the initiative ofCharles Harding Smith, who kept some birds.[2] Sources differ on its actual date of foundation; many claim it was founded in 1969, around the same time as theShankill Defence Association, which covered a neighbouring area,[3] but Ian Wood's detailed study of the Ulster Defence Association dates its origin to June 1970, when a loyalistpipe band on theSpringfield Road was attacked by Catholic protesters, leading to a riot.[4]
The WDA was initially led by Alan Moon, withSammy Smyth acting as its main spokesman, although Moon was soon replaced by Harding Smith.[5] Initial membership of the WDA was primarily middle-aged and disinclined to take violent action. However,Davy Fogel interrupted an early meeting to call for members to receive military training. Harding Smith instructed him to start this, members bringing both legally held guns and dummy weapons.[4]
In 1971, many local loyalist groups merged to form theUlster Defence Association. Its core components were the Woodvale and the Shankill Defence Associations,[6] the Woodvale organisation being the largest of its forerunners.[7] The new organisation was a loose confederation, and the Woodvale group continued to publish a newsletter, theWDA News.[8] Its 1 May 1972 issue carried a notorious articlejustifying genocide againstRoman Catholics and calling forracial purity.[9] When the UDA was restructured, the WDA became its "B" Company.[10]
Several leading members of the UDA started out in the WDA, includingJim Anderson,[11]Davy Payne,Ernie Elliott andJohn White.[12]
