The history ofWoodblock printing in Korea (목판인쇄) contains a famous history like theTripitaka Koreana. The world's oldest survivingwoodblock print is thought to beThe Great Dharani Sutra, a small Buddhist scroll discovered atBulguksa Temple inGyeongju,South Korea, in 1966. Scholars have deduced that it was published around 751 under theSilla Dynasty.[1]
In Korea, printing began during theGoryeo Dynasty and greatly developed during theJoseon Dynasty, but woodblock printing continued to flourish until the end of the Joseon Dynasty. This is believed to be because the typesetting of movable type was not strong, so there was a limit to the number of copies that could be printed at the same time.[2]
%2c_8th_century_woodblock_print_-_Korean_Culture_Museum%2c_Incheon_Airport%2c_Seoul%2c_South_Korea_-_DSC00801.JPG)
Gakja is a Korean word that refers to the technique of engraving letters or images on a board or board. The master of this technique is called individual characters.
Korea's oldest woodcarver isThe Great Dharani Sutra (무구정광대다라니경), which was built in the mid-8th century. Gakja is a state-designated national treasure, along with other treasures in the tower.[3] It was made by completely engraving all of the sutra texts, with the letters facing upward, and then placing them on paper and rubbing them with something like a horsehair to create a scroll. The paper material of the book isdak, a traditional Korean paper from Silla.[4]
During the period of war and conflict,Goryeo recordedBuddhist ideology and culture historically. Along withBuddhism andConfucianism,Hanja have been steadily developed in Korean culture since before the common era. Buddhism, along with indigenous beliefs and Confucianism, became the most established religion among Koreans from an early age. Koreans completed it by printing it onHanji, a paper made from the inner shell of a mulberry tree. In Korea, printing has enabled the spread of knowledge that was previously exclusive to writers.[5] In 1232, during theSecond Mongol Invasion of Korea, a 6,000-volume wooden board of the Tripitaka Koreana, carved in the early 12th century, was burned at theBuinsa inDaegu by nomadic Mongolians. For the tragic cultural and religious loss, the Goryeo people implemented the 15-year project (1236–1251) to carve the Tripitaka Koreana, a set of over 81,000 wooden printing plates.[5]
TheTripitaka Koreana (대장경판) was created by carving Buddhist scriptures onto woodblocks between 1236 and 1251 during the reign ofKing Gojong. It is stored in Janggyeong Panjeon (장경판전), the oldest building inHaeinsa Temple, and was registered as aMemory of the World Programme in 2007, and Janggyeong Panjeon was registered as aWorld Cultural Heritage in 1995.[6] The Tripitaka Koreana consists of 52 million characters, each of which was carved in relief on woodblocks. Thanks to meticulous proofreading, there are very few typos or errors in it.[7] It is relatively well preserved despite being made of wood, because scientific principles were applied to prevent damage to the woodblocks and the Janggyeong Panjeon building. The woodblocks were cut down fromPrunus sargentii, cherry trees, soaked in seawater for 1–2 years, boiled in salt water, and then dried. It is effective in preventing diseases, pests, cracking, and warping. To prevent the woodblocks from hitting each other, they were lacquered at both ends to increase their durability. The woodblocks of the Tripitaka Koreana are black because of the lacquering.[7]
During theJoseon Dynasty, a large portion of official publications were printed using movable type, but movable type printing had limitations in the number of copies printed, which led to the promotion of woodblock printing.[8]