 Women inAtar,Mauritania, 2006 | |
| General statistics | |
|---|---|
| Maternal mortality (per 100,000) | 510 (2010) |
| Women in parliament | 25% (2017)[1] |
| Women over 25 withsecondary education | 8.0% (2010) |
| Women in labour force | 32% (2017)[2] |
| Gender Inequality Index[3] | |
| Value | 0.632 (2021) |
| Rank | 161st out of 191 |
| Global Gender Gap Index[4] | |
| Value | 0.606 (2021) |
| Rank | 145th out of 156 |
Issues impactingWomen in Mauritanian society includefemale genital mutilation,[5]child marriage,[6] andpolygamy.[7]
The practice ofLeblouh (Arabic:البلوح,romanized: lə-blūḥ) is the practice offorce-feeding girls from as young as five, through to teenagers, inMauritania,Western Sahara, and southernMorocco, where obesity is traditionally regarded as being desirable.[8][9][10]
Older women called "fatteners" force the young girls to consume enormous quantities of food and liquid,[11] inflicting pain on them if they do not eat and drink. One way of inflicting pain is to pinch a limb between two sticks. A six-year-old girl might typically be forced to drink 20 litres (4.4 imp gal; 5.3 US gal) ofcamel's milk, and eat two kilos of poundedmillet mixed with two cups of butter, every day. Although the practice is abusive, mothers claim there is no other way to secure a good future for their children.[11][12]
The practice goes back to the 11th century, and has been reported to have made a significant comeback inMauritania after amilitary junta took over Mauritania in 2008.[11]
As of July 2016, the estimated population of Mauritania is 3,677,293 people. The median age of Mauritanian women is 21.4 years. Life expectancy at birth is 65.4 years.[13] The ethnic groups are: black Moors 40%, white Moors 30%, sub-Saharan Mauritanians 30%.[14] All the population practices Islam (seeReligion in Mauritania). Urbanization is 53.7%.[14]
Education in Mauritania was strongly influenced by theFrench educational system. Girls' education is still valued less than boys', and women'sliteracy rate (age 15 and over) is lower than that of men: in 2015, the female literacy rate was 41.6%, compared to the male rate of 62.6%.[15]
In 2017, 37% of girls in Mauritania were married before the 18 years old. 14% of girls are married before they turn 15.[16]
Polygamy is legal in Mauritania.[7] A man can marry up to four women, but must obtain the consent of his existing wife/wives first. Polygamy is common within the Afro-Mauritanian and Berber Moorish population, occurring less frequently among the Arab Moorish population.[7]
A 2007 MICS3 reports that 10.7% of women aged 15–49 are in a polygamous union.[7]
Female genital mutilation is prevalent in Mauritania.[17] 71% of all women aged between 15 and 49 had undergone FGM in 2001. A 2007 demographic cluster study found no change in FGM prevalence rate in Mauritania.[18][5] Type II FGM is most frequent. About 57% of Mauritania women believe FGM is a religious requirement.[19]
Mauritania is 100% Muslim. The FGM prevalence rate varies by ethnic groups: 92% ofSoninke women are cut, and about 70% ofFulbe and Moorish women. 28% ofWolof women have undergone FGM.[5]
Mauritania has consented to international charters such as CEDAW as well as Africa's Maputo Protocol. Ordonnance n°2005-015 on child protection restricts FGM.[20][21]
Leblouh is the practice offorce-feeding girls from as young as five, through to teenagers, inMauritania,Western Sahara, and southernMorocco, where obesity is traditionally regarded as being desirable.[8][22][10] Especially prevalent in rural areas and having its roots inTuareg[23] tradition,leblouh is practiced to increase chances of marriage in a society where high body volume used to be a sign of wealth. The synonymgavage comes from the French term for the force-feeding of geese to producefoie gras.
The practice goes back to the 11th century, and has been reported to have made a significant comeback in Mauritania after amilitary junta took over Mauritania in 2008.[11]
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Women who descend from slaves experience significant hardship in Mauritania.Slavery has been called "deeply rooted" in the structure of Mauritania, and "closely tied" to the ethnic composition of the country.[24]
In 1905, an end of slavery in Mauritania was declared by the colonial French administration but the vastness of Mauritania mostly gave the law very few successes.[25]
In 1981, Mauritania became the last country in the world to abolish slavery,[26] when a Presidential decree abolished the practice. However, no criminal laws were passed to enforce the ban.[26][27][28]
In 2007, "under international pressure", the government passed a law allowing slaveholders to be prosecuted.[26]
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in thepublic domain. Country Studies.Federal Research Division. (data as of 1988)
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