 First edition | |
| Author | Angela Davis |
|---|---|
| Genre | History |
| Publisher | Random House |
Publication date | 1981 |
| Publication place | United States |
| Pages | 271[1][2] |
Women, Race and Class is a 1981 book by the American academic and authorAngela Davis. It containsMarxist feminist analysis ofgender,race andclass. The third book written by Davis, it covers U.S. history from the slave trade andabolitionism movements to thewomen's liberation movements which began in the 1960s.[1][3][4]
Angela Davis was born inAlabama, United States, in 1944 as the oldest of four children in a black middle-class family. She was an activist from an early age, inspired by female parental figures who opposed theJim Crow laws, and became involved with socialist groups andMarxism–Leninism. She attendedBrandeis University, majoring in French. She later studied under the philosopherHerbert Marcuse and joined theBlack Panther Party andCommunist Party USA in the late 1960s. After completing a master's degree, she began teaching philosophy at theUniversity of California, Los Angeles. She was repeatedly fired over her political beliefs and jailed for two years for purchasing guns later used by revolutionaryJonathan P. Jackson, being released in 1972 and later acquitted.[3]
The 1981 workWomen, Race and Class was Davis' third book.[1][5][3] It followedIf They Come in the Morning: Voices of Resistance (1971), a collection of writings edited by Davis, including contributions in which she discusses her experiences in prison, andAngela Davis: An Autobiography (1974), which was about the civil rights movement and its impact on her ideology.[3][6]
Women, Race and Class is a collection of 13 essays about the Americanwomen's liberation movement from the 1960s up to the point at which the book was published, and also aboutslavery in the United States.[7][5][1][4] She applies Marxist analysis to the relation of class and race to capitalism in America.[1] Davis criticizes that the women's liberation movement has been run by and for white middle-class women, to the exclusion of black women, other women of color and other social classes.[1][5] She makes similar comments aboutwomen's suffrage.[3] Davis comments on the participation of white women in theabolitionism movement.[2] The book also describes thewoman's club movement.[3]
Davis explores the economic role of black women slaves.[3] She writes that black women under slavery had similar struggles to black men, both groups sharing the task of manual labor and participating in abolitionist activism. However, women were also expected to perform the household labor, similar to women of other races.[1] Engaging in Marxist analysis, Davis argues that women's liberation should consist of women participating in wage labor and domestic labor becoming socialized.[2] She believes that rape is a crime of power, giving the example of white men raping their black slaves.[1] Davis describes the role of race in rape and the archetype of the black male rapist.[3] She also comments on race andbirth control, linkingabortion-rights movements to the Eugenics Society and commenting on the sterilization of black and Puerto Rican women.[3]
Bernice McNair Barnett of the journalRace, Gender & Class wrote that, inWomen, Race and Class, Davis was one of the first scholars to make anintersectional analysis of race, gender and class. She and other women of color writers around the same period led to the development of such analyses and research in academia. The field is sometimes known as "integrative race, gender, and class studies".[3] Reviewers forRace & Class compared the book toAin't I a Woman? (1981) bybell hooks, as both begin with comparisons between white and black women in the abolitionism and suffrage movements of the U.S.[2]
Valerie A. Batts of the journalWomen & Therapy praised the book as an "extremely well documented account" of women's movements in the U.S. She praised Davis' writing as "clear and highly readable".[8] Anne Laurent of theWashington Post agreed that the book was "well-documented" in terms of early history, but criticized it for offering "little new information" and for being "curiously dated" on contemporary history. She praised the book's "factual abundance" but reviewed that it was "a gathering of disparate essays".[4]Race & Class reviewers critiqued that some questions are "left unanswered", particularly in regard to the Marxist analysis omitting discussion of women's relations touse value andexchange value in a capitalist economy, and not accounting for the fact that women's "subordination to" wage labor would be undesirable.[2]
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