TheWomen's Rights Recovery Association (simplified Chinese:女子复权会;traditional Chinese:女子復權會;pinyin:Nǚzǐ fùquán huì) was a Tokyo-based political movement founded in 1907, byanti-Qing members of theChinese diaspora. It was ananarcha-feminist group, one of the earliest Chinese organizations adhering toanarchism andfeminism alike.[1] The Association, which opposed theQing dynasty andConfucianism, advocated the end of male privileges in traditional Chinese culture, and prohibited female submission to men. Its members were forbidden to becomeconcubines orsecondary wives. In return, it promised to help all members in their fight against individual and societal oppression.[2]
Ideologicallyleft-wing, unlike others at the time in China, the Women's Rights Recovery Association identified the cause of women's oppression as the economic systems offeudalism andcapitalism, rather than in a perceived weakness in national character and culture.[3] Most of its ideology was formulated by its founder,He-Yin Zhen – aJiangsu-born anarchist, who had gone into Japanese exile together with her husbandLiu Shipei. She also published the newspaperNatural Justice, and contributed to theParis-basedXin Shiji. Unusually for her time she focused on the exploitation of the class-based exploitation of women, singling out prostitutes, domestic servants and female factory workers as the most oppressed.[1] She condemned the unequal distribution of wealth, and refused to subordinate this women's class struggle to any other ideological cause.[4] Writing that "the goal of equality cannot be achieved except through women's liberation", He-Yin – and the Association – viewed female freedom as something that women must accomplish on their own, since no one would give them their rights.[5] Revolutionary change, not reform, was seen as the only way forward.[6]
While little is known about the exact workings of the Women's Rights Recovery Association,[1] it is probable that the group was dissolved after He-Yin Zhen and her husband left Tokyo in 1909, returning to China.
