| Woman in the Dunes | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster | |
| Directed by | Hiroshi Teshigahara |
| Screenplay by | Kōbō Abe[1] |
| Based on | The Woman in the Dunes by Kōbō Abe |
| Produced by |
|
| Starring | |
| Cinematography | Hiroshi Segawa[1] |
| Edited by | Fusako Shuzui[1] |
| Music by | Toru Takemitsu[1] |
Production company | Teshigahara Production[1] |
| Distributed by | Toho |
Release date |
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Running time | 146 minutes[1] |
| Country | Japan[1] |
| Language | Japanese |
Woman in the Dunes orWoman of the Dunes (Japanese:砂の女,Hepburn:Suna No Onna; "Sand Woman") is a 1964Japanese New Waveavant-gardearthousepsychological thriller film directed byHiroshi Teshigahara and starringEiji Okada,Kyōko Kishida, andKōji Mitsui. It received widespread critical acclaim and was nominated for twoAcademy Awards. The screenplay for the film was adapted byKōbō Abe from his1962 novel of the same name.[1] The film follows an amateurentomologist (Okada) who is led to settle in the house of a lonely widow (Kishida) at the bottom of a sand dune in a rural coastal village. He soon realizes that the villagers have trapped him there and expect him to work for them.
Woman in the Dunes was an independent, joint production of Teshigahara Productions and the Japanese Art Theater Guild, a group of young filmmakers involved in an attempt to create political–aesthetical films in opposition to the dominant studio productions of the 1960s, which they viewed as commercial, unartistic, and uninteresting.[2]
The film is considered to be Teshigahara's masterpiece and one of the best movies of Japanese cinema, the 1960s and the 20th century, and is now widely regarded as one of thegreatest films of all time.[3] It is also seen as one of the most ambiguous, cryptic and enigmatic movies ever made.
Schoolteacher and amateurentomologist Niki Junpei leaves Tokyo for a rural coastal village to collecttiger beetles and other insects. He is self-absorbed, dissatisfied with his life in Tokyo, and rude to his hosts.
After a long day of searching, Junpei misses the last bus ride back to the city. The locals invite him to spend the night at their village. Junpei agrees and is guided down a rope ladder to a hut at the bottom of a sand dune, which resembles a large pit. Due to the steep slopes of the dune, the ladder appears to be the only way in or out. Junpei learns that his host, a young woman, lost her husband and daughter in a sandstorm a year ago and now lives alone; their bodies are said to be buried under the sand somewhere near the hut. The widow explains that the sand is constantly falling on the house, and without shoveling it out every day, she will be buried.
After dinner, the widow goes outside to shovel the sand into buckets, which the villagers reel in from the top of the dune. Junpei offers to help, but she refuses, telling him that he is a guest and there is no need for him to help on the first day. A passer-by ominously refers to Junpei as the widow's "helper".
The next morning, Junpei gets ready to leave but finds that the rope ladder has been pulled up. He tries and fails to climb up the dune. He realises that the villagers trapped him in the pit so that he can live with the widow and help her dig sand, which the village sells to a cement company on the black market. The widow is as much a slave of the villagers as Junpei is. The villagers control both of them by limiting their access to water and provisions.
The widow has long resigned herself to her fate, and entreats Junpei to help her shovel the sand. Although Junpei points out that the sand is poor quality and will make defective cement, she crassly explains that it is not her problem. With the sand piling up in and around the house, Junpei finally agrees to help the widow dig; however, he continues plotting his escape. Although the widow has trapped Junpei, she also grows emotionally attached to him. The two become lovers.
Junpei uses an improvised grappling hook to haul himself out of the pit. However, the villagers chase him intoquicksand, which forces him to ask his captors for help. The villagers free him and return him to the widow.
Like the widow, Junpei eventually resigns himself to his situation. Frustrated with the monotony of the pit, he asks his captors to see the nearby sea every day. The villagers agree on the condition that he has sex with the widow while they watch. Junpei agrees, but the widow refuses, calling him a pervert. Junpei tries to force himself on the widow anyway, but she fends him off while the villagers watch.
Through his persistent efforts to trap a crow as a messenger, Junpei discovers a way to draw water from the damp sand at night bycapillary action. His efforts to perfect the technique help him settle into an easy routine. When anectopic pregnancy threatens to kill the widow, the villagers take her to a doctor. They leave the rope ladder hanging, and Junpei climbs out. After going to see the nearby sea, he chooses to go back in the pit, telling himself that he can still escape later. He muses that he would like to show someone his method of water production, and the villagers would be the best audience.
The film's final shot is of a police report stating that Junpei has been missing for seven years.
Prior to the production ofWoman in the Dunes, Hiroshi Teshigahara directedPitfall (おとし穴,Otoshiana), a.k.a.The Pitfall andKashi To Kodomo, which was written by Kōbō Abe.Pitfall was Teshigahara's first feature, and the first of his four film collaborations with Abe and composerTōru Takemitsu.
With a run time of 123 minutes / 147 minutes (director's cut), the film was shot in35 mm negative format by Hiroshi Segawa, the director of photography.
Woman in the Dunes was shot on location at theHamaoka sand dunes inOmaezaki,Shizuoka Prefecture,[6] although many sources in English erroneously report that the film was shot in theTottori Sand Dunes inTottori Prefecture.[7]
Theroadshow version ofWoman in the Dunes was released in Japan on February 15, 1964 where it was distributed byToho.[1] The general release forWoman in the Dunes in Japan was April 18, 1964; the film was cut to 127 minutes.[8]
The film was released in the United States byPathe Contemporary Films with English subtitles on September 17, 1964.[1] The film ran at 127 minutes.[1] The film was also featured in theNew York Film Festival on September 16, 1964.
The film was also featured in several other film festivals across the world such as theCannes Film Festival in France,[9]Adelaide Film Festival in Australia, and Clasicos del Cine Japones in Argentina on November 21, 2000.[citation needed]
The Criterion Collection released a DVD box set collectingWoman in the Dunes in its original length along with Teshigahara'sPitfall andThe Face of Another in 2007. This release is now out of print.[10] In August 2016, Criterion released the film as a stand-aloneBlu-ray with a brand new high definition transfer.[11]
The film has a rating of100% on review aggregator siteRotten Tomatoes based on 33 reviews, with an average rating of 8.9/10.[12] It was one of Russian filmmakerAndrei Tarkovsky's ten favorite movies.[13]
Roger Ebert inductedWoman in the Dunes into hisGreat Movies list in 1998. Viewing the work as a retelling of theSisyphus myth, he wrote: "There has never been sand photography like this (no, not even inLawrence of Arabia), and by anchoring the story so firmly in this tangible physical reality, the cinematographer, Hiroshi Segawa, helps the director pull off the difficult feat of telling a parable as if it is really happening."[14] Strictly Film School describes it as "a spare and haunting allegory for human existence".[15] According to Max Tessier, the main theme of the film is the desire to escape from society.[16][17]
The film's composer,Tōru Takemitsu, was praised. Nathaniel Thompson wrote, "[Takemitsu's] often jarring, experimental music here is almost a character unto itself, insinuating itself into the fabric of the celluloid as imperceptibly as the sand."[18] Ebert also stated that the score "doesn't underline the action but mocks it, with high, plaintive notes, harsh, like a metallic wind".[14]
The game directorHideo Kojima, a fan of Kōbō Abe, has praised the movie.[19]
The film won aSpecial Jury Prize at the1964 Cannes Film Festival[9] and was nominated for the Academy Award forBest Foreign Language Film in the same year (losing toYesterday, Today and Tomorrow).[20] In 1965, Teshigahara was nominated for theBest Director Oscar (losing toRobert Wise forThe Sound of Music). In 1967, the film won theGrand Prix of theBelgian Film Critics Association.