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Wireless local loop (WLL) is the use of a wireless communications link as the "last mile / first mile" connection for deliveringplain old telephone service (POTS) orInternet access (marketed under the term "broadband") to telecommunications customers. Various types of WLL systems and technologies exist.
Other terms for this type of access includebroadband wireless access (BWA),radio in the loop (RITL),fixed-radio access (FRA),fixed wireless access (FWA) andmetro wireless (MW).
In 2017, a company called Climate Resilient Internet, LLC, formed to develop a new standard and certification for point-to-point microwave ("fixed wireless") for enterprise and government resilience to extreme weather, grid outages and terror attacks. The company was co-founded by David Theodore, founder ofMicrowave Bypass, who pioneered the first use of point-to-point microwave for internet access.[1][2]
Next-Web,Etheric Networks, Gate Speed and a handful of other companies founded the first voluntary spectrum coordination, working entirely independently of government regulators. This organization was founded in March 2003 as BANC.[3]
These includeGlobal System for Mobile Communications (GSM),time-division multiple access (TDMA),code-division multiple access (CDMA), andDigital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT). Earlier implementations included such technologies asAdvanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS).
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The wireless local loop market is currently[when?] an extremely high-growth market, offering Internet service providers immediate access to customer markets without having to either lay cable through a metropolitan area, or work through theILECs, reselling the telephone, cable or satellite networks, owned by companies that prefer to largely sell direct.
This trend revived the prospects for local and regional ISPs, as those willing to deploy fixed wireless networks were not at the mercy of the large telecommunication monopolies. They were at the mercy of unregulated re-use of unlicensed frequencies upon which they communicate.
Due to the enormous quantity of 802.11 "Wi-Fi" equipment and software, coupled with the fact that spectrum licenses are not required in theISM andU-NII bands, the industry has moved well ahead of the regulators and the standards bodies.
