Winona Site | |
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| Nearest city | Winona, Arizona |
|---|---|
| Coordinates | 35°12′N111°24′W / 35.200°N 111.400°W /35.200; -111.400 |
| NRHP reference No. | 66000177 |
| Significant dates | |
| Added to NRHP | October 15, 1966[1] |
| Designated NHLD | July 19, 1964[2] |
TheWinona Site is a complex of archaeological sites inCoconino County in the state ofArizona, within theCoconino National Forest. It is located nearSunset Crater, which erupted in 1066. Cultural changes following this eruption are evidenced by findings at this site. It was declared aNational Historic Landmark in 1964.[2]
The Winona Site was first investigated formally in the 1940s by John McGregor, an archaeologist affiliated with theMuseum of Northern Arizona. McGregor excavated six pit houses with architectural features distinctive of theHohokam people of the 10th century. He theorized that the Hohokam, more typically found further to the south, migrated to this area by the fertility of the landscape created by the eruptions of the crater. In addition to the pit houses, McGregor uncovered trash mounds and aball court. Pottery finds at the site were also characteristically Hohokam in their color, decoration, and design.[3]
Subsequent researchers have cast some doubt on the initial theories put forward by McGregor, suggesting instead that the site was primarily a trading site, rather than a permanent relocation. Additional finds at the site are more typical of theSinagua people who dominated the surrounding area, including Sinagua-style pottery and a number of human remains buried in manners associated with known Sinagua practices. There were also shell fragments, consistent with beingdebitage left over from the manufacture of jewelry. The source of the shells appears to have been theGulf of California, an area the Hohokam had access to.[4]
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