William Wilkins | |
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| Member of thePennsylvania State Senate from the22nd district | |
| In office 1857–1858 | |
| Preceded by | Jonas R. McClintock |
| Succeeded by | Jacob Turney |
| 19thUnited States Secretary of War | |
| In office February 15, 1844 – March 4, 1845 | |
| President | John Tyler |
| Preceded by | James Madison Porter |
| Succeeded by | William L. Marcy |
| Chairman of theHouse Judiciary Committee | |
| In office 1843–1844 | |
| Preceded by | Daniel D. Barnard |
| Succeeded by | Romulus Mitchell Saunders |
| Member of theU.S. House of Representatives fromPennsylvania's21st district | |
| In office March 4, 1843 – February 14, 1844 | |
| Preceded by | Thomas McKennan |
| Succeeded by | Cornelius Darragh |
| United States Minister to Russia | |
| In office December 14, 1834 – December 24, 1835 | |
| President | Andrew Jackson |
| Preceded by | James Buchanan |
| Succeeded by | John Randolph Clay (acting) |
| United States Senator fromPennsylvania | |
| In office March 4, 1831 – June 30, 1834 | |
| Preceded by | William Marks |
| Succeeded by | James Buchanan |
| Judge of theUnited States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania | |
| In office May 12, 1824 – April 14, 1831 | |
| Appointed by | James Monroe |
| Preceded by | Jonathan Hoge Walker |
| Succeeded by | Thomas Irwin |
| Member of thePennsylvania House of Representatives | |
| In office 1819-1820 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | William Wilkins (1779-12-20)December 20, 1779 Carlisle, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Died | June 23, 1865(1865-06-23) (aged 85) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U.S. |
| Political party | Jacksonian Democrat |
| Other political affiliations | Federalist |
| Relations | John Wilkins Jr. Ross Wilkins |
| Education | Dickinson College read law |
William Wilkins (December 20, 1779 – June 23, 1865) was an American judge and politician fromPennsylvania who served as aJacksonian member of theUnited States Senate from 1831 to 1834 and as aDemocratic member of theUnited States House of Representatives forPennsylvania's 21st congressional district from 1843 to 1844. He served as a member of both houses of thePennsylvania General Assembly, aUnited States district judge of theUnited States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania,United States Minister to Russia and the 19thUnited States Secretary of War.
Wilkins was born on December 20, 1779, inCarlisle, Pennsylvania, to Captain John Wilkins, a captain in the American Revolution, and Catherine Rowan.[1][2] Wilkins attended the Pittsburgh Academy, the forerunner of theUniversity of Pittsburgh.[3] Heread law in 1801, and graduated fromDickinson College in 1802.[2] He was admitted to the bar and entered private practice inPittsburgh, Pennsylvania from 1801 to 1806.[2] He was "second" in a duel in 1806 which resulted in the death ofTarleton Bates. It was the last recorded duel in Pennsylvania after the Pennsylvania General Assembly outlawed the practice.[4] Bates was very popular and Wilkins left Pennsylvania due to the duel to live with his brother Charles Wilkins in Lexington, Kentucky.[5]
He continued private practice inLexington,Kentucky from 1806 to 1807.[2] He resumed private practice in Pittsburgh from 1808 to 1815.[2] He assisted in organizing the Pittsburgh Manufacturing Company in 1810.[6] He was the first President of the Bank of Pittsburgh.[6] He was President of thePittsburgh City Council from 1816 to 1819.[2] He was aFederalist member of thePennsylvania House of Representatives from 1819 to 1820.[4] He was President Judge of thePennsylvania Court of Common Pleas for the Fifth Judicial District from 1820 to 1824.[2]
In the 1820s, Wilkins andGeorge M. Dallas were leaders in the Family Party faction of the Democratic Party. The faction was named Family Party since Wilkins, Dallas and several other key leaders were all related by marriage. The Family Party had political strength and were able to place the defeated governorWilliam Findlay as a U.S. senator in 1821.[7]
Wilkins was nominated by PresidentJames Monroe on May 10, 1824, to a seat on theUnited States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania vacated by JudgeJonathan Hoge Walker.[2] He was confirmed by theUnited States Senate on May 12, 1824, and received his commission the same day.[2] His service terminated on April 14, 1831, due to his resignation.[2]
Wilkins was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1826 to the20th United States Congress.[6] He was elected as a Jacksonian Democrat to the21st United States Congress, but resigned before qualifying, never taking his seat.[6]
Wilkins was elected as aJacksonian Democrat to theUnited States Senate from Pennsylvania and served from March 4, 1831, to June 30, 1834, when he resigned.[6] He was Chairman of theUnited States Senate Committee on the Judiciary from the22nd United States Congress and Chairman of theUnited States Senate Committee on Foreign Relations for the23rd United States Congress.[6] Following his departure from Congress, Wilkins served asUnited States Minister to Russia for theUnited States Department of State from 1834 to 1836.[2] He resumed private practice in Pittsburgh from 1836 to 1843.[2] He was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the27th United States Congress in 1840.[6]
Though he was not a candidate for the Vice-Presidency in 1832, all 30electors from Pennsylvania voted for him for Vice-President anyway due to internal party disputes. National party nomineeMartin Van Buren's views on the Bank recharter and tariffs made him unpopular in the state and at the state convention the party nominated Wilkins as their Vice-Presidential candidate.[8] He came in 3rd place overall, but did not cost Van Buren enough electors to lose or even to force acontingent election. It sets the mark for the most faithless electors won by a person without the death of a nominee.[9]
Wilkins was elected as a Democrat fromPennsylvania's 21st congressional district to theUnited States House of Representatives of the28th United States Congress and served from December 4, 1843, to February 14, 1844, when he resigned.[6] He was Chairman of theUnited States House Committee on the Judiciary for the 28th United States Congress.[6]
Wilkins was appointed as the 19thUnited States Secretary of War by PresidentJohn Tyler, serving from 1844 to 1845.[6] Wilkins was aboard theUSS Princeton when one of its guns exploded in 1843 nearMount Vernon. The explosion killed two members of John Tyler's cabinet. Wilkins had expressed disapproval of the firing and had moved away from the gun moments before the explosion.[10]
He resumed private practice in Pittsburgh starting in 1845.[2] He was a member of thePennsylvania State Senate for the22nd district from 1857 to 1858.[4] He again resumed private practice in Pittsburgh from 1858 to 1865.[2] He was a major general of the Pennsylvania Home Guards in 1862.[6]
Wilkins died on June 23, 1865, inHomewood, now a neighborhood in Pittsburgh.[2]
Wilkins married Catherine Holmes however she died in 1816 and he was remarried to Mathilda Dallas.[4] Wilkins' brotherJohn Wilkins Jr. served as amajor general in theUnited States Army.[11] His sister, Nancy, marriedEbenezer Denny, the first mayor of Pittsburgh. His nephew,Harmar Denny, was a U.S. Congressman from Pennsylvania.[1] His nephew,Ross Wilkins, was a notable jurist inMichigan.[citation needed]
Wilkins founded the Pittsburgh neighborhood ofHomewood in 1832.[12]
He is the namesake ofWilkins Township,Allegheny County, Pennsylvania.[13]
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link){{cite book}}:ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)| Pennsylvania House of Representatives | ||
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| Preceded by | Member of thePennsylvania House of Representatives 1819-1820 | Succeeded by |
| Legal offices | ||
| Preceded by | Judge of theUnited States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania 1824–1831 | Succeeded by |
| U.S. Senate | ||
| Preceded by | United States Senator (Class 3) from Pennsylvania 1831–1834 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Chairman of theSenate Judiciary Committee 1832–1833 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Chairman of theSenate Foreign Relations Committee 1833–1834 | Succeeded by |
| Diplomatic posts | ||
| Preceded by | United States Minister to Russia 1834–1835 | Succeeded by John Randolph Clay (acting) |
| U.S. House of Representatives | ||
| Preceded by | United States Representative fromPennsylvania's 21st congressional district 1843–1844 | Succeeded by |
| Preceded by | Chairman of theHouse Judiciary Committee 1843–1844 | Succeeded by |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by | United States Secretary of War 1844–1845 | Succeeded by |
| Pennsylvania State Senate | ||
| Preceded by | Member of thePennsylvania Senate,22nd district 1857-1858 | Succeeded by |
| Honorary titles | ||
| Preceded by | Oldest living United States senator 1860–1865 | Succeeded by |
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| Notes | † Never officially seated | |
 Russian Empire(1780–1917) | |
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