This help page is ahow-to guide. It explains concepts or processes used by the Wikipedia community. It is not one ofWikipedia's policies or guidelines, and may reflect varying levels ofconsensus.

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Thehyphen-minus (keyboard hyphen),en dash,em dash, and mathematicalminus/negative symbols are different(seeWP:Manual of Style/Dashes). Pressing the- on your keyboard, usually next to the0 (zero) key, will produce a hyphen-minus. Methods of producing the other characters are described below.

To insert a dash or minus sign, use the toolbar below the edit box. Click where you want the character to be inserted, select "Insert" from the pull-down menu, and then:

• To insert an en dash (–), click on the first character (the shorter dash).
• To insert an em dash (—), click on the second character (the longer dash).
• To insert a minus sign (−), click on the− between the± and the×.

• For an en dash, type{{ndash}} or–.
• For a "spaced en dash" (with anon-breaking space before the dash and a regular space after it) type{{spaced ndash}} or{{snd}}.
• For an em dash, type{{mdash}} or—.
• For a minus sign, type−.

Find an en dash (–), an em dash (—), or a minus sign (−) already in some text—in this sentence, for example—and paste it where a new one is wanted.

For Mac (or iOS with an external keyboard) use:

• ⌥ Opt+- (en dash) or⌥ Opt+⇧ Shift+- (em dash).

Alternatively for Mac:

• Pull down theInput menu and selectShow Emoji & Symbols. Then select from Punctuation.
• If theInput menu is not displayed, openLanguage & Region withinSystem Preferences. Then click onKeyboard Preferences... and checkShow input menu in menu bar.

• UseAltGr- (en dash) orAltGr⇧ Shift- (em dash).

If you have acompose key:

• UseCompose--. (en dash) orCompose--- (em dash).

For Windows on a keyboard with anumeric keypad:

• UseAlt+0150 (en dash) orAlt+0151 (em dash) using the numeric keypad.

For iOS (iPhone and iPad) and Android:

• Hold the- (hyphen) on the on-screen keyboard until a popup appears with choices, including the en dash and em dash.

• Dash#Rendering dashes on computers
• Visual Editor
• 2017 source editor

• AutoHotkey Ascripting language for Windows. Character replacement needs only short one-line scripts.
• KbdEdit Modify an existing keyboard or create a new keyboard.
• abcTajpu An add-on for theFirefox browser.

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