Minimally processed foods
Awhole food is a type of food that is notprocessed orrefined , having the least change from itsnatural state , and contains diversenutrients .[ 1] [ 2] [ 3]
Types of whole food [ edit ] Examples of whole foods includegrains , fruits, vegetables, dried beans, nuts, seeds, unprocessed meats, and fish.[ 1] [ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5]
Public health advocacy [ edit ] In 2018,unprocessed or minimally processed foods were named asGroup 1 of theNova classification adopted by thePan American Health Organization of the United Nations.[ 6]
TheMediterranean diet has been studied as an example of a whole fooddiet having minimal processing and potential health effects that may include a lower risk of several diseases, such ascardiovascular diseases ,childhood obesity , andmetabolic syndrome .[ 1] [ 5] [ 7]
Definition of "natural"[ edit ] The USFood and Drug Administration interprets the term "natural" to indicate that a food contains no artificial or synthetic substances (including color additives from any source) that would not typically be expected in that food.[ 8] The FDA interpretation does not encompass food production practices, such as the use of pesticides, nor does it explicitly address food processing or manufacturing methods like pasteurization, thermal technologies, or irradiation, and does not define "natural" as having any nutritional or other health benefit.[ 8]
^a b c Lichtenstein AH, Appel LJ, Vadiveloo M, Hu FB, Kris-Etherton PM, Rebholz CM, Sacks FM, Thorndike AN, Van Horn L, Wylie-Rosett J (2 November 2021)."2021 Dietary Guidance to Improve Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association" .Circulation .144 (23).American Heart Association, Inc :e472– e487.doi :10.1161/CIR.0000000000001031 .PMID 34724806 . Archived 16 November 2021 at theWayback Machine ^a b "What are whole foods?" .British Heart Foundation . 1 September 2024. Retrieved7 September 2024 .Archived 2025-04-12 at theWayback Machine ^a b "Canada's Food Guide: Eat whole grain foods" .Health Canada , Government of Canada. 3 May 2022. Retrieved7 November 2025 .Archived 6 September 2025 at theWayback Machine ^ "Heart-healthy diet: 8 steps to prevent heart disease" .Mayo Clinic . 4 April 2024. Retrieved7 November 2025 .Archived 14 December 2025 atarchive.today ^a b López-Gil JF, García-Hermoso A, Sotos-Prieto M, Cavero-Redondo I, Martínez-Vizcaíno V, Kales SN (July 2023)."Mediterranean Diet-Based Interventions to Improve Anthropometric and Obesity Indicators in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials" .Advances in Nutrition .14 (4).American Society for Nutrition :858– 869.doi :10.1016/j.advnut.2023.04.011 .PMC 10334150 .PMID 37127186 .Discussion paragraph 4: On the other hand, the intake of ultra-processed foods (away from the basic principles of MedDiet) has been associated with an increased dietary risk of associated noncommunicable diseases (for example, excess weight), as they are high in calories and low in nutrients, and may contribute to a higher caloric intake ^ Monteiro, C; Cannon, G; Moubarac, J-C; Levy, R; Louzada, M; Jaime, P (2018)."The UN Decade of Nutrition, the NOVA food classification and the trouble with ultra-processing" .Public Health Nutrition .21 (1).Cambridge University Press :5– 17.doi :10.1017/S1368980017000234 .PMC 10261019 .PMID 28322183 . ^ Martinez-Lacoba R, Pardo-Garcia I, Amo-Saus E, Escribano-Sotos F (October 2018)."Mediterranean diet and health outcomes: a systematic meta-review" .European Journal of Public Health .28 (5).Oxford University Press :955– 961.doi :10.1093/eurpub/cky113 .PMID 29992229 . Archived 21 April 2025 at theWayback Machine ^a b "Use of the Term Natural on Food Labeling" .US Food and Drug Administration . 22 October 2018. Retrieved7 November 2025 .Archived 29 September 2025 at theWayback Machine