| White River National Wildlife Refuge | |
|---|---|
  Map of the United States | |
| Location | Arkansas,United States |
| Nearest city | De Witt, Arkansas |
| Coordinates | 34°21′N91°06′W / 34.350°N 91.100°W /34.350; -91.100 |
| Area | 160,756 acres (650.56 km2)[1] |
| Established | 1935 |
| Governing body | U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service |
| Website | White River NWR |
| Official name | Cache-Lower White Rivers |
| Designated | 21 November 1989 |
| Reference no. | 442[2] |
TheWhite River National Wildlife Refuge (officiallyDale Bumpers White River National Wildlife Refuge) is a 160,756 acres (650.56 km2) wildlife refuge located inDesha,Monroe,Phillips, andArkansas counties in theU.S. state ofArkansas. The refuge is managed by theUnited States Fish and Wildlife Service. White River NWR borders onCache River National Wildlife Refuge at its northern boundary. In 1974, the White River Sugarberry Natural Area was designated as a National Natural Landmark by the National Park Service.[3]
In 2013, the FWS proposed the gradual expansion of the refuge up to a maximum of 297,806 acres (120,518 ha).
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White River National Wildlife Refuge was created in 1935. The refuge is 3 to 10 miles (4.8 to 16.1 km) wide and encompassing 90 miles (140 km) of the lower 100 miles (160 km) of theWhite River. It also includes 3 miles (4.8 km) of the Arkansas Post Canal which is part of theArmy Corps of Engineers'McClellan-Kerr Navigation System on theArkansas River.
This refuge has the largest concentration of winteringmallard ducks in theMississippi Flyway. It also has large concentrations ofsnow andCanada geese. This refuge is home to four activebald eagle nests and ablack bear population. Black bears have increased in numbers from about 25 in the 1940s to more than 300.[4]
The refuge lies with theMississippi lowland forests ecoregion. Within the refuge, the Sugarberry Natural Area includes a 973 acres (394 ha)old-growth bottomland hardwood forest of varied composition. The area contains four forest types:American sweetgum,Nuttall's oak,willow oak;sugarberry,American elm,green ash;American sycamore,pecan,American elm; andbaldcypress.[5]
The refuge has 356 natural and man-made lakes which make up 4,000 acres (16 km2) of the refuge. There are 154,000 acres (620 km2) offorestland, 900 acres (3.6 km2) of agricultural land, and 1,000 acres (4.0 km2) ofgrassland.
The refuge is classified as aWetland of International Importance.[6]
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In 2013, federal government designated the White River watershed as the nation's second "National Blueway". Later that year, the Fish and Wildlife Service proposed that the White River NWR be expanded. The expansion proposal calls for the refuge to be expanded from the present 160,756 acres (650.56 km2) to as much as 297,806 acres (1,205.18 km2). The expansion would be carried out by purchasing land from willing sellers as funds are available fromFederal Duck Stamps, theMigratory Bird Conservation Fund, and theLand and Water Conservation Fund.[7]
The proposed expansion would add to the refuge 9 miles of White Riverfloodplain, 26 miles of theArkansas River, and 34 miles of the west bank of theMississippi River. The land would provide additional habitat for a variety of birds, fishes, and other animals.[8] The expansion would also be important for the preservation and restoration of Arkansas's "Big Woods," a floodplain forest of which less than 10 percent remains intact.[9]
The Fish and Wildlife Service has also proposed expansion of theCache River National Wildlife Refuge, which borders the White River NWR on the north. The proposed expansions, if fully implemented, would preserve almost 600,000 acres (2,400 km2) of land in the White River watershed. Additional parcels of conservation land owned by the state of Arkansas and private conservation groups are contiguous with the national wildlife refuges.
In 2014, the refuge was officially renamed "Dale Bumpers White River National Wildlife Refuge", in honor of former Arkansas Governor and SenatorDale Bumpers. At a dedication ceremony,Daniel M. Ashe, Director of theUnited States Fish and Wildlife Service, said:
The Service is proud to recognize the many contributions Senator Bumpers has made to give many future generations the same opportunity to enjoy Arkansas' natural beauty as we have had. He is a giant among conservationists and a visionary who followed an unconventional path to set aside some of Arkansas' last wild places. It is fitting that he will be forever linked with the White River.[10]
Year designated: 1974
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| National | |
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