Wheeling, West Virginia | |
|---|---|
 Seal | |
| Nickname: The Friendly City | |
 Location of Wheeling in Ohio and Marshall counties, West Virginia. | |
  Wheeling  Wheeling | |
| Coordinates:40°4′13″N80°41′55″W / 40.07028°N 80.69861°W /40.07028; -80.69861 | |
| Country |  United States |
| State |  West Virginia |
| County | Ohio,Marshall |
| Settled | 1769; 256 years ago (1769) |
| Established | 1806; 219 years ago (1806) |
| Incorporated | 1836; 189 years ago (1836) |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Denny Magruder[1] |
| • City Manager | Robert Herron |
| • Police Chief | Shawn Schwertfeger |
| • Fire Chief | Jim Blazier |
| Area | |
• City | 16.00 sq mi (41.43 km2) |
| • Land | 13.78 sq mi (35.68 km2) |
| • Water | 2.22 sq mi (5.76 km2) 13.87% |
| Elevation | 686–1,299 ft (209–396 m) |
| Population | |
• City | 27,062 |
| • Density | 1,963.8/sq mi (758.2/km2) |
| • Urban | 81,249 (US:353rd) |
| • Metro | 139,513 (US:288th) |
| Time zone | UTC−5 (EST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC−4 (EDT) |
| ZIP Code | 26003 |
| Area code | 304 |
| FIPS code | 54-86452 |
| GNIS feature ID | 1548994[4] |
| Website | www |
Wheeling is a city inOhio andMarshall counties in the U.S. state ofWest Virginia. Thecounty seat of Ohio County, it lies along theOhio River in the foothills of theAppalachian Mountains withinthe state's northern panhandle.[5] It is thefifth-most populous city in West Virginia and the most populous city in the northern panhandle with a population of 27,062 at the2020 census. TheWheeling metropolitan area had 139,513 residents in 2020.[3] Wheeling is located about 60 miles (97 km) west ofPittsburgh and 120 miles (190 km) east ofColumbus viaInterstate 70.
Wheeling was settled in 1769 on land contested between colonialPennsylvania andVirginia, and later grew to become Virginia's largest city west of the Appalachians. During theAmerican Civil War, Wheeling was the host of theWheeling Conventions that led to theseparation of West Virginia from Virginia and served as the state capital from 1861 to 1870, and again from 1875 to 1885. It became a manufacturing center in the late nineteenth century due to its location along major transportation routes, including the Ohio River,National Road, and theBaltimore and Ohio Railroad. After the decline of heavy industry and substantial population loss followingWorld War II, Wheeling's major industries now include healthcare, education, law and legal services, entertainment and tourism, and energy.
The origins of the name "Wheeling" are disputed. One of the more credible explanations is that the word comes from theLenni-Lenape phrasewih link orwee lunk, which meant "place of the head" or "place of the skull." This name supposedly referred to a white settler who was scalped and decapitated. His severed head was displayed at the confluence ofWheeling Creek and theOhio River.[6] Earlier sources say that the head was that of a Native American prisoner, not a settler.[7][8] Native Americans had inhabited the area for thousands of years. In the 17th century, the Iroquois from present-day New York stateconquered the upper Ohio Valley, pushing out other tribes and maintaining the area as their hunting ground.
Originally explored by the French, Wheeling still has a lead plate remnant that the explorerCéloron de Blainville buried in 1749 at the mouth of Wheeling Creek to mark his claim. Later,Christopher Gist andGeorge Washington surveyed the land, in 1751 and 1770, respectively.[9]
During the fall of 1769,Ebenezer Zane explored the Wheeling area and established a claim to the land via "tomahawk rights", the practice ofgirdling a few trees at a prominent site and marking the bark with the initials or name of the person making the claim. He returned the following spring with his wife Elizabeth and his younger brothers, Jonathan and Silas; they established the first permanent European settlement in the Wheeling area, naming it Zanesburg. Other families joined the settlement, including the Shepherds (seeMonument Place), the Wetzels, and the McCollochs (seeMcColloch's Leap).
In 1787, the United States gave Virginia this portion of lands west of the Appalachians, and some to Pennsylvania at its western edge, to settle their claims. TheNorthwest Ordinance that year established theNorthwest Territory to cover other lands north of the Ohio River and west to theMississippi River. Settlers began to move into new areas along the Ohio.
In 1793, Ebenezer Zane divided the town into lots, and Wheeling was officially established as a town in 1795 by legislative enactment. By an act of theVirginia General Assembly on December 27, 1797, Wheeling was named the county seat ofOhio County.[10] The town was incorporated on January 16, 1805. On March 11, 1836, the town of Wheeling was incorporated into the city of Wheeling.
Originally dubbedFort Fincastle in 1774, the fort was later renamedFort Henry in honor of Virginia's American governor,Patrick Henry. In 1777, Native Americans of theShawnee,Wyandot, andMingo tribes joined to attack pioneer settlements along the upperOhio River, which were illegal according to the Crown'sProclamation of 1763. They hoped an alliance with the British would drive the colonial settlers out of their territory. Local men defended the fort, later joined by recruits from Fort Shepherd (in Elm Grove) and Fort Holliday. The native force burned the surrounding cabins and destroyed livestock.
During the first attack of the year, Major Samuel McColloch led a small force of men from Fort Vanmetre alongShort Creek to assist the besieged Fort Henry. Separated from his men, McColloch was chased by attacking natives. Upon his horse, McColloch charged up Wheeling Hill and made what is known asMcColloch's Leap 300 feet (91 m) down its eastern side.
In 1782, a native army along with British soldiers attempted to take Fort Henry. During this siege, Fort Henry's supply of ammunition was exhausted. The defenders decided to dispatch a man to secure more ammunition from the Zane homestead.Betty Zane volunteered for the dangerous task. During her departing run, she was heckled by both native and British soldiers. After reaching the Zane homestead, she gathered a tablecloth and filled it with gunpowder. During her return, she was fired upon but was uninjured. As a result of her heroism, Fort Henry remained in American control.[10]
TheNational Road arrived in Wheeling in 1818, linking the Ohio River to the Potomac River, and allowing goods from the Ohio Valley to flow through Wheeling and on to points east. As the endpoint of the National Road, Wheeling became a gateway to early westward expansion. In 1849 theWheeling Suspension Bridge crossed the Ohio River and allowed the city to expand ontoWheeling Island. Lessons learned in constructing the bridge were used in the construction of theBrooklyn Bridge. Rail transportation reached Wheeling in 1853 when theBaltimore and Ohio Railroad connected Wheeling to Pennsylvania, Maryland, and markets in the Northeast. A new bridge connected the city toBellaire, Ohio, just across the river, and to western areas of the U.S.
Much of the area had been settled byyeoman farmers, few of whom owned slaves. With the railroad, a larger industrial or mercantile middle class developed that depended on free labor; it felt either disinterest or hostility to slavery. TheWheeling Intelligencer newspaper expressed the area's anti-secession sentiment as tensions rose over slavery and national issues. The city became part of the movement of western areas to secede from Virginia after the beginning of the Civil War, hosting theWheeling Convention[11] of 1861. It served as the provisional capital of theRestored Government of Virginia from 1861 to 1863, and became the first capital of West Virginia after the state seceded from Virginia and was admitted to the Union in its own right in 1863. From the acceptance of the new state of West Virginia into the union until the Restored Government of Virginia's move toAlexandria in August of the same year, Wheeling was the state capital of both West Virginia and Virginia.
The growing German population, which included immigrants after the1848 Revolutions, was firmly anti-slavery. The Germans of Wheeling organized the "First West Virginia Artillery" to oppose the Confederacy and played a role in the initial movement to separate from Virginia.[12] The Germans' culture influenced the city, such as their "German Singing Societies", the first of which began in 1855.[13]
Although Wheeling lost its position as state capital in 1865, it continued to grow. In the late nineteenth century, Wheeling was the new state's prime industrial center. One early nickname (until an 1885 strike) was "Nail City", reflecting the iron manufacture in several mills, which dated from the 1840s. Mills transformed pig iron into sheets that could be cut, and some mills also produced boiler plates, stoves, barrel rings, and/or ornamental ironwork.[14] Noted businesses of the era included theBloch Brothers Tobacco Company (owned by state senator Jesse A. Bloch, who would in 1913 introduce legislation that became the state's Workmen's Compensation Act), and later steel concerns after development of theBessemer process.[15]
The city's earliest union was the United Nailers (1860, which later merged into theAmalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers), followed by the cigar makers in 1862. The 1877 railroad strike atMartinsburg, West Virginia, reached Wheeling and spread nationwide. In 1897,Eugene Debs,Mother Jones, andSamuel Gompers were among the speakers at a national labor convention in Wheeling to discuss a nationwide coal strike.[16]
In 1866, Lincoln School opened in Wheeling to serve African American students.[17] Lincoln High School was taught by Laura Grayson-Morison.[18] A new building for Lincoln High School opened in the early 1940s;[19] the school closed with desegregation in 1954.[17]
In 1904, Wheeling became the first city in the country to refuse a proposedAndrew Carnegie gift of a free library, because of the industrialist's labor record, especially the notoriousHomestead Strike of 1892. By contrast, cigar tycoonAugustus Pollack (despite once rousing controversy by a plan to use convict labor) left many bequests to the labor movement, which erected a memorial statue.Wheeling Steel Corporation was created in 1920 and grew after a 1927 strike causedJ. P. Morgan and other investors to sell National Tube Company, which had been created in 1899, six years after local owners had consolidated five plants in the area as Wheeling Steel & Iron Company.[20]
Wheeling reached a peak population of 61,659 at the 1930 census. As the city grew, prosperous Wheeling residents built fine houses, especially onWheeling Island, but slums also expanded.[21] As a result of that growth, an ordinance was passed regulating personal cesspools, including a ban on pipe communications with other homes and businesses unless offensive smells were properly trapped.[22]
TheGreat Depression, and later changes and restructuring in heavy industry following World War II, led to a loss of working-class jobs and population. Capitalizing on its rich architectural heritage, Wheeling has worked to revive its Main Street with the Downtown Wheeling Streetscape project.[23] Additionally, the city has been redeveloping the historic 1400 Market Street, just one block east of Main Street.[24]
Wheeling is located at40°4′13″N80°41′55″W / 40.07028°N 80.69861°W /40.07028; -80.69861 (40.070348, -80.698604).[25] The city has a total area of 16.01 square miles (41.47 km2), of which 13.79 square miles (35.72 km2) is land and 2.22 square miles (5.75 km2) is water.[26]
Wheeling is located in northern West Virginia, on what is known as the Northern Panhandle. The area lies within theecoregion of theWestern Allegheny Plateau.[27] The city is directly across the river from the state ofOhio and only 11 miles (18 km) west ofPennsylvania. It is a part of the tri-state area of Ohio, Pennsylvania, and West Virginia, which is commonly referred to as the Ohio River Valley Region or "TheOhio Valley".
Wheeling Creek flows through the city, and meets theOhio River in downtown Wheeling.
The city is located both on the West Virginia side of the Ohio River, and on an island in the middle of the river calledWheeling Island.
The following neighborhoods lie within the city limits:[28]
Wheeling lies at the boundary between thehumid subtropical andhumid continental climate zones (Köppen:[29]Cfa/Dfa, respectively). The annual precipitation is about 41.88 in (1,064 mm) inches, distributed evenly throughout the year.
| Climate data for Wheeling, West Virginia (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1891–1933, 1987–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 80 (27) | 78 (26) | 90 (32) | 99 (37) | 100 (38) | 104 (40) | 106 (41) | 110 (43) | 103 (39) | 96 (36) | 83 (28) | 72 (22) | 110 (43) |
| Mean maximum °F (°C) | 63.3 (17.4) | 63.6 (17.6) | 74.7 (23.7) | 83.1 (28.4) | 87.5 (30.8) | 91.6 (33.1) | 92.7 (33.7) | 92.4 (33.6) | 89.7 (32.1) | 82.0 (27.8) | 73.0 (22.8) | 63.0 (17.2) | 94.2 (34.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 38.7 (3.7) | 41.8 (5.4) | 51.2 (10.7) | 64.5 (18.1) | 73.9 (23.3) | 81.4 (27.4) | 85.0 (29.4) | 84.6 (29.2) | 78.7 (25.9) | 66.4 (19.1) | 53.7 (12.1) | 43.2 (6.2) | 63.6 (17.6) |
| Daily mean °F (°C) | 30.2 (−1.0) | 32.5 (0.3) | 40.5 (4.7) | 52.1 (11.2) | 62.0 (16.7) | 70.4 (21.3) | 74.4 (23.6) | 73.6 (23.1) | 67.4 (19.7) | 55.2 (12.9) | 43.7 (6.5) | 35.1 (1.7) | 53.1 (11.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 21.7 (−5.7) | 23.1 (−4.9) | 29.8 (−1.2) | 39.6 (4.2) | 50.1 (10.1) | 59.3 (15.2) | 63.8 (17.7) | 62.7 (17.1) | 56.1 (13.4) | 44.0 (6.7) | 33.7 (0.9) | 26.9 (−2.8) | 42.6 (5.9) |
| Mean minimum °F (°C) | 4.6 (−15.2) | 8.0 (−13.3) | 14.1 (−9.9) | 27.5 (−2.5) | 38.3 (3.5) | 47.4 (8.6) | 54.7 (12.6) | 54.0 (12.2) | 43.8 (6.6) | 32.2 (0.1) | 21.4 (−5.9) | 12.9 (−10.6) | 1.4 (−17.0) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −21 (−29) | −26 (−32) | −11 (−24) | 5 (−15) | 19 (−7) | 31 (−1) | 38 (3) | 34 (1) | 26 (−3) | 16 (−9) | −2 (−19) | −11 (−24) | −26 (−32) |
| Averageprecipitation inches (mm) | 3.44 (87) | 2.67 (68) | 3.78 (96) | 3.52 (89) | 4.20 (107) | 4.26 (108) | 4.09 (104) | 3.19 (81) | 3.50 (89) | 2.94 (75) | 2.90 (74) | 3.39 (86) | 41.88 (1,064) |
| Average snowfall inches (cm) | 7.5 (19) | 7.4 (19) | 3.2 (8.1) | 0.2 (0.51) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.0 (0.0) | 0.4 (1.0) | 3.6 (9.1) | 22.3 (56.71) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.01 in) | 15.8 | 13.5 | 14.0 | 14.4 | 13.8 | 12.7 | 11.2 | 9.9 | 9.2 | 10.4 | 11.7 | 14.6 | 151.2 |
| Average snowy days(≥ 0.1 in) | 4.4 | 4.3 | 1.6 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.6 | 3.2 | 14.3 |
| Source:NOAA[30][31] | |||||||||||||
| Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1840 | 7,885 | — | |
| 1850 | 11,435 | 45.0% | |
| 1860 | 14,083 | 23.2% | |
| 1870 | 19,280 | 36.9% | |
| 1880 | 30,737 | 59.4% | |
| 1890 | 34,522 | 12.3% | |
| 1900 | 38,878 | 12.6% | |
| 1910 | 41,641 | 7.1% | |
| 1920 | 56,208 | 35.0% | |
| 1930 | 61,659 | 9.7% | |
| 1940 | 61,099 | −0.9% | |
| 1950 | 58,891 | −3.6% | |
| 1960 | 53,400 | −9.3% | |
| 1970 | 48,188 | −9.8% | |
| 1980 | 43,070 | −10.6% | |
| 1990 | 34,882 | −19.0% | |
| 2000 | 31,419 | −9.9% | |
| 2010 | 28,486 | −9.3% | |
| 2020 | 27,062 | −5.0% | |
| U.S. Decennial Census[32] | |||
As of the2020 United States census, there were 27,052 people and 11,737 households residing in the city. There were 14,407 housing units in Wheeling. The racial makeup of the city was 86.5%White, 5.5%African American, 1.1%Asian, 0.2%Native American, 0.7% fromother races, and 6% fromtwo or more races.Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 1.7% of the population.
Of the 11,737 households in Wheeling, 34.5% were married couples living together, 37.4% had a female householder with no spouse present, 23% had a male householder with no spouse present. The average household and family size was 3.16. The median age in the city was 43.6 years with 20.2% of the city's population under 18. The median income for a household in the city was $43,483 and the poverty rate was 16.5%[33]
As of thecensus[3] of 2010, there were 28,486 people, 12,816 households, and 6,949 families residing in the city. Thepopulation density was 2,065.7 inhabitants per square mile (797.6/km2). There were 14,661 housing units, at an average density of 1,063.2 per square mile (410.5/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 91.2%White, 5.1%African American, 0.2%Native American, 0.9%Asian, 0.2% fromother races, and 2.4% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino people of any race were 0.9% of the population.
There were 12,816 households, of which 22.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 37.6% weremarried couples living together, 12.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 45.8% were non-families. 40.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.11 and the average family size was 2.84.
The median age in the city was 45.2 years. 18.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.8% were from 25 to 44; 29.8% were from 45 to 64; and 20.6% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46.9% male and 53.1% female.
As of thecensus of 2000, 31,419 people, 13,719 households, and 7,806 families resided in the city. Thepopulation density was 2,258.4 people per square mile (872.1/km2). 15,706 housing units were present, at an average density of 1,128.9 per square mile (436.0/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 92.72%White, 4.99%African American, 0.10%Native American, 0.91%Asian, 0.03%Pacific Islander, 0.16% fromother races, and 1.09% from two or more races.Hispanic orLatino people of any race were 0.58% of the population.
There were 13,719 households, of which 23.4% included children under the age of 18, 41.8% weremarried couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.1% were non-families. 38.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.6% had someone living alone who was at least 65 years of age. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.89.
The median age was 42 years. 20.6% of residents were under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 24.5% from 45 to 64, and 21.6% at least 65 years old. For every 100 females 84.1 males were present, and for every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79.6 males.
The median household income was $27,388, and the median family income was $38,708. Males had a median income of $30,750 versus $22,099 for females. Theper capita income for the city was $17,923. About 13.1% of families and 18.0% of the population were below thepoverty line, including 23.3% of those under age 18 and 11.2% of those at least 65 years old.
West Virginia Independence Hall was the site of theWheeling Convention, two meetings held in 1861 that ultimately reversed Virginia'sOrdinance of Secession. 26 counties in Virginia's north and west voted against secession from the Union and created the new state of West Virginia, which the United States quickly admitted. Later in 1861 and continuing to 1863, the building was the site of many heated debates during theFirst Constitutional Convention of West Virginia,[34] including the name of the new state.[35] The oldest building in the area isShepherd Hall (Monument Place), built in 1798.[36]
Centre Market consists of two buildings in an open-air market, built in 1853 and 1890.[37] The market house and the surrounding area have been adapted for use as retail shops and restaurants.
Wheeling is home to one of twelveMadonna of the Trail monuments along theNational Old Trails Road that commemorate the spirit ofpioneer women in the United States.[38]
The first official memorial monument in the state of West Virginia dedicated specifically to men killed in theVietnam War was dedicated in Wheeling, with full military honors, in a Memorial Day 1986 ceremony. The monument was erected in front of the flagpole near the main shelter of Bethlehem Community Park in the village of Bethlehem, just southeast of Wheeling. The roughly 6-foot-high granite memorial consists of a large bronze dedication plaque with the names of KIAs from the Wheeling/Ohio County region. Below the dedication plaque is a bronze map of South Vietnam, complete with names of 28 major cities.[citation needed]
Wheeling has a long tradition of live musical performance and radio broadcasting. With over 2,500 seats, TheCapitol Theatre is the largest theatre in West Virginia. Opened in 1928, The Capitol was home toIt's Wheeling Steel, a popular radio program in the early 1940s featuring musical performances by workers at a local steel plant. The Capitol has welcomed musical performances of all types, fromJohnny Cash,Merle Haggard, andTammy Wynette, toRay Charles,Bob Dylan,B.B. King, andBlack Sabbath. Other past performers includeJerry Seinfeld,David Copperfield, andGeorge Carlin. TheWheeling Symphony Orchestra is housed at the Capitol Theatre and performs a range of contemporary, classical, and seasonal arrangements.
The Capitol Theatre also hosts numerous touring musical performances. TheOglebay Institute's Towngate Theatre in Center Wheeling has produced plays for over 35 years.[39] Wheeling is also home to theVictoria Theater, the oldest theater in West Virginia. The 700-seat Victorian-style theater was home to theWWVA Jamboree program from 1933 to 1936. More recently, it has been the site for the "Wheeling Jamboree", a local initiative started in 2009 and modeled after the original WWVA Jamboree (which changed its name in the 1960s toJamboree U.S.A.). The original WWVA Jamboree ran from 1933 to 2007, making it the second-longest-running country radio program and variety show in the country, after the "Grand Ole Opry" inNashville, Tennessee.
Live music emanates from the amphitheatre at the Wheeling Heritage Port several nights per week from mid-spring through late fall. The waterfront park area hosts festivals, concerts, movie nights, celebrations, a regatta, and numerous visits from theDelta,Mississippi andAmerican Queen riverboats. The Port holds over 8,000 spectators and has become a city focal point.
Wheeling, known as Nail City, is home to theWheeling Nailershockey team and theWheeling Minersfootball. The Nailers play in theWesBanco Arena (formerly the Wheeling Civic Center), and are part of the North division of the Eastern Conference of theECHL. And the Miners are in theNational Arena League. Formerly home to theOhio Valley Greyhounds, Wheeling became home to a second team in 2009.[40] The team, known as theWheeling Wildcats, played in theContinental Indoor Football League but folded after the 2009 season.[41] High schoolfootball andsoccer are played atWheeling Island Stadium.
Wheeling is also home of theMountain East Conference basketball championship tournament, anNCAA Division II conference that launched in the 2013–14 school year. Wheeling University and West Liberty are both charter members of the new conference, an offshoot of the now-disbandedWest Virginia Intercollegiate Athletic Conference.
Wheeling features several municipal parks, includingOglebay Park andWheeling Park. Oglebay Park incorporates fivegolf courses,[42] a public swimming pool, the Oglebay Mansion, and other recreational activities. Within the park is theGood Zoo, the onlyAssociation of Zoos and Aquariums accredited zoo in West Virginia.[43] Ohio County has sixgolf courses, including designs by renowned golferArnold Palmer and architectRobert Trent Jones.
Wheeling is the home ofWheeling Island Hotel-Casino-Racetrack, located onWheeling Island. Formerly known as Wheeling Downs, the facility features livegreyhound racing,slots,poker games, and casino-styletable games. Ohio County held a special election on June 9, 2007, to approve the legalization of table games.[44]
In October 2007, Wheeling opened the state's first concreteskateboard park. The 12,000-square-foot (1,100 m2) facility was designed and built by world-renowned skatepark builder Grindline, ofSeattle, Washington. The park consists of 60% bowls and 40% street elements; it is located within the Chambers Ballfield Complex in the Elm Grove section of the city. An addition to the street section of the park was completed by Grindline in November 2009. A covered shelter, restrooms, and webcam are installed. The park is lighted and open 24/7.
Under West Virginia law, cities may adopt a form of government called the Manager-Mayor Plan, under which Wheeling operates. The elected mayor presides over meetings of the Wheeling City Council, which has six members elected from geographic wards. City Council members serve four-year terms. The City Council also confirms executive nominations for members to various boards, which have limited regulatory authority, including the Planning Commission, the Board of Zoning Appeals, and the Traffic Commission.[45] The City Manager serves as Chief Executive and Administrative Officer for the city.[46]
The current mayor of Wheeling is Denny Magruder, and the current city manager is Robert Herron. The current members of the City Council are Tony Assarro (1st Ward), Ben Seidler (2nd Ward), Connie Cain (3rd Ward), Vice-Mayor Jerry Sklavounakis (4th Ward), Ty Thorngate (5th Ward), and Dave Palmer (6th Ward).[45] City elections were held on May 14, 2024, and the current term began on July 1, 2024. City elections will be held again on May 14, 2028.
| Name | Portrait | Term start | Term end | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| George Miller[47] | 1806 | 1807 | ||
| Moses Chapline[47] | 1807 | 1809 | ||
| William Irwin[47] | 1809 | 1810 | ||
| Noah Linsly[47] | 1810 | 1814 | ||
| William Irwin[48] | March 1814 | September 1814 | ||
| George Knox[48] | 1815 | 1816 | ||
| William Irwin[48] | 1816 | 1817 | ||
| Peter Yarnall[48] | 1817 | 1819 | ||
| Moses Chapline[48] | 1819 | 1824 | ||
| Z. Jacobs[48] | 1824 | 1828 | ||
| Samuel Sprigg[48] | March 1828 | September 1828 | ||
| John McLure[48] | September 1828 | March 1830 | ||
| Moses W. Chapline[48] | 1830 | 1834 | ||
| Z. Jacobs[48] | 1834 | 1836 | ||
| Moses W. Chapline[49][50] | May 1836 | January 1840 | ||
| George Dulty[49] | January 1840 | January 1846 | ||
| Moses C. Good | January 1846 | January 1847 | ||
| William W. Shriver | January 1847 | June 1848 | ||
| Sobieski Brady[51] | June 1848 | January 1850 | ||
| Alfred Caldwell[52] | January 1850 | January 1852 | ||
| Morgan Nelson | January 1852 | January 1853 | ||
| Sobieski Brady | January 1853 | January 1855 | ||
| James Paull | January 1855 | January 1856 | ||
| Alfred Caldwell | January 1856 | January 1858 | ||
| James Tanner | January 1858 | January 1859 | ||
| Andrew Wilson | January 1859 | January 1861 | ||
| Andrew J. Sweeney[53] | January 1861 | January 1863 | ||
| George Baird | January 1863 | January 1864 | ||
| Henry Crangle | January 1864 | January 1865 | ||
| Andrew J. Sweeney | January 1865 | January 1868 | ||
| Sobieski Brady | January 1868 | January 1869 | ||
| Samuel McClellan Jr. | January 1869 | January 1871 | ||
| George W. Jeffers | January 1871 | January 1875 | ||
| Andrew J. Sweeney | January 1875 | January 1881 | ||
| Alfred Egerter | January 1881 | January 1883 | ||
| Jeremiah A. Miller | January 1883 | January 1885 | ||
| Jacob W. Grubb[51] | January 1885 | January 1887 | ||
| Charles W. Seabright | January 1887 | January 1893 | ||
| Benjamin F. Caldwell | January 1893 | January 1897 | ||
| John R. Butts | January 1897 | January 1899 | ||
| Andrew T. Sweeney | January 1899 | 1905[54] | ||
| Charles C. Schmidt[54][52] |  | 1905 | August 1912 (died in office) | |
| William O. Alexander (acting mayor)[54] | August 1912 | 1912 | ||
| Harvey L. Kirk[54][52] | October 1912 | 1917 | ||
| Clifford M. Vester[54] | 1917 | 1918 | ||
| Thomas F. Thoner[54] | 1919 | 1925 | ||
| William J. Steen[54] | 1925 | 1928 | ||
| Thomas Y. Beckett[54] | 1929 | 1932 | ||
| Gordon P. Fought[54] | 1932 | 1934 | ||
| Charles F. Schultze[54] | May 1935 (died in office) | 1938 | ||
| John J. Mathison[54] | May 1938 | 1943 | ||
| Russell S. Goodwin[54] | 1943 | 1947 | ||
| Carl G. Bachmann[54] | 1947 | 1951 | ||
| Charles J. Schuck[54] | 1951 | 1955 | ||
| Jack R. Adams[54] | 1955 | 1959 | ||
| John J. Gast[54] | 1959 | 1963 | ||
| Charles L. Ihlenfeld[53] | 1964 | 1967 | ||
| James L. Rogers[54] | 1967 | 1971 | ||
| James J. Haranzo[54] | 1971 | 1975 | ||
| John E. Fahey[54] | 1975 | 1979 | ||
| Cuyler E. Ewing[54] | 1979 | 1981 | ||
| William H. Muegge[54] | 1981 | 1984 | ||
| John W. Lipphardt[54] | 1984 | 1985 | ||
| Stella C. Koerner[54] | 1985 | 1988 | ||
| Thomas J. Baller[54] | 1988 | 1992 | ||
| John W. Lipphardt[54] | 1992 | 2000 | ||
| Nicholas A. Sparachane[55] | 2000 | 2008[56] | ||
| Andy McKenzie[57] | 2008 | 2016 | ||
| Glenn F. Elliott, Jr.[58] | 2016 | 2024 | ||
| Denny Magruder[54] | 2024 |
The current flag for the city was adopted on September 4, 2018, in conjunction with the celebration of the city's 250th anniversary the following year.[59] Its design and symbolism are credited to the Wheeling Committee on Retention and the Wheeling 250 subcommittee.
The flag features two horizontal blue bars to represent Wheeling Creek and the Ohio River, with a white bar in between. The three bars also symbolize the three major modes of transportation found in Wheeling history: river, road, and rail. Representing five distinct eras of Wheeling history, five stars are centered in a row in the white bar: The Indigenous Star, The Frontier Star, The Transportation Star, The Statehood Star, and The Industrial Star.[60]
As elsewhere in West Virginia, K–12 schools are organized at the county level of government. The public school system, Ohio County Schools, consists of 14 schools: nine elementary schools; four middle schools, which include Triadelphia Middle, nominated for the blue ribbon school award; and the nationally recognizedWheeling Park High School. Several parochial and private schools, includingWheeling Central Catholic High School, theLinsly School, and Wheeling Country Day School are located in the city.
Wheeling is the hub of higher education in the Northern Panhandle of West Virginia.Wheeling University, a private university and the only Catholic college in the state of West Virginia, is located here.[61]
The main campus ofWest Virginia Northern Community College has recently been expanding with centers in downtown Wheeling; it focuses on job training and community development. Also located in close proximity to the city areWest Liberty University (formerly West Liberty State College), a four-yearuniversity, and privateBethany College, giving area residents a wide variety of educational options.
Located close toPittsburgh, Wheeling is heavily influenced by its broadcast media outlets, which are easily received in the area. Besides broadcast stations, Wheeling's cable providers carryAT&T SportsNet Pittsburgh and the Pittsburgh-centric news/talk channelPCNC as its "home" sports and information sources.
In addition to the Pittsburgh outlets, the Wheeling television market is served by ABC/CBS affiliateWTRF-TV Channel 7, PBS member stationW30CO-D Channel 30, and NBC/FOX affiliateWTOV-TV Channel 9 in nearbySteubenville, Ohio. Cable television providerComcast serves the city, parts of which Centre TV also services.
Wheeling is home toWWVA 1170 AM, the state's only 50,000-watt AM station, which can be heard throughout theEast Coast at night. WVLY 1370 AM andWKKX 1600 AM provide local news, sports, and talk. On the FM dial,WVKF 95.7, WKWK 97.3, WOVK 98.7, and WEGW 107.5 provide the area with various music genres. The Wheeling area is the home ofWDUQ-LP, a listener-supported commercial-free station, which also serves as the localPacifica affiliate.Pittsburgh's radio stations provide Wheeling with coverage. Several translators and repeater stations provideNPR andAmerican Family Radio networks. Wheeling also has a student-run radio station, WPHP 91.9, operated by Wheeling Park High School students. WPHP plays top 40 songs and also covers all of the Wheeling Park Patriots' football and basketball games.
The city is home toThe Intelligencer and theWheeling News-Register newspapers, owned by Wheeling-basedOgden Newspapers Inc.The Intelligencer is published weekday mornings and Saturdays, while theNews-Register is published weekday afternoons and Sundays.The Times-Leader ofMartins Ferry, Ohio, another Ogden Newspapers Inc. paper, also covers Wheeling issues.In Wheeling magazine is published quarterly and covers society and events in the city.[62] Two local websites,Weelunk andDateline: Wheeling, serve as independent news sources for the city.[63][64]
Interstate 70 and its spurInterstate 470 run through the city east–west and link it with suburbanPittsburgh, Pennsylvania, to the east and Ohio to the west.U.S. Route 40/National Road links downtown with residential neighborhoods to the east.West Virginia Route 2 connects Wheeling withMoundsville to the south andWeirton to the north.U.S. Route 250 also runs through the city.
TheFort Henry Bridge andVietnam Veterans Memorial Bridge carry I-70 and I-470, respectively, over the Ohio River. The historicWheeling Suspension Bridge, completed in 1849, which was part of National Road, connects downtown and Wheeling Island; currently it is closed for safety reasons, by order of the state highway department, to vehicular traffic. I-70 passes under Wheeling Hill through theWheeling Tunnel.
Bus transportation to points throughout North America is available from Wheeling throughGreyhound Lines. The bus terminal, the Robert C. Byrd Intermodal Transportation Center, was built with $11.1 million in federal funds.[65]
The East Ohio Authority and the Ohio Valley Regional Transit Authority (OVRTA), which share the Intermodal Transportation Center as the hub for hub-and-spoke routes, provide regional transportation through West Virginia and Eastern Ohio.[66]
Wheeling operated streetcars from the 1880s until 1943 under the Wheeling Traction Company and Co-operative Transit Company. Buses replaced streetcar operations due to operating costs.[67]
The city is served by theWheeling Ohio County Airport forgeneral aviation and byPittsburgh International Airport forpassenger service.
Municipalities and communities ofOhio County, West Virginia,United States | ||
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