| Wetherby | |
|---|---|
| Town | |
| Area | 3.87 sq mi (10.0 km2) |
| Population | 11,712 [1] (2021) |
| • Density | 3,026/sq mi (1,168/km2) |
| OS grid reference | SE404481 |
| Civil parish |
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| Metropolitan borough | |
| Metropolitan county | |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | WETHERBY |
| Postcode district | LS22, LS23 |
| Dialling code | 01937 |
| Police | West Yorkshire |
| Fire | West Yorkshire |
| Ambulance | Yorkshire |
| UK Parliament | |
| Website | www |
| 53°55′39″N1°23′02″W / 53.9276°N 1.3839°W /53.9276; -1.3839 | |
Wetherby (/ˈwɛðəbi/WETH-ə-bee)[2] is amarket town andcivil parish in theCity of Leeds,West Yorkshire, England. It is close to West Yorkshire county's border withNorth Yorkshire and lies approximately 12 miles (19 kilometres) from Leeds city centre, 12 mi (19 km) from York and 8 mi (13 km) from Harrogate. The town stands on theRiver Wharfe and, for centuries, it has been a crossing place and staging post on theGreat North Road midway between London and Edinburgh.
Wetherby Bridge, which spans the River Wharfe, is aScheduled Ancient Monument and a Grade IIlisted structure.[3] The course of theOld Great North Road passes through the town and, as result of its situation on the road, as well as being a majorcattle droving route from Scotland to London, manycoaching inns were established in Wetherby which are still used by travellers today.
The town lies in theWetherby ward ofLeeds City Council and theWetherby and Easingwoldparliamentary constituency. It was listed in the 2018Sunday Times report on the Best Places to Live in Northern England.[4]
Wetherby is first attested in theDomesday Book of 1086, asWedrebi. The name derives from theOld Norse wordsveðr ("wether, castrated male sheep", in itsgenitive singular formveðrar) andbý ("farmstead, village"). Thus the name once meant "wether's farmstead".[5][6]
Historically, Wetherby was a part of theClaro Wapentake, as part of the parish ofSpofforth, within theWest Riding of Yorkshire.
In the 12th and 13th centuries, theKnights Templar, and later theKnights Hospitallers, were granted land and properties inYorkshire. The local preceptory founded in 1217 was at Ribston Park. In 1240, the Knights Templar were granted by Royal Charter ofHenry III the right to hold a market in Wetherby[7] (known then as Werreby) on Thursdays and a yearly fair was permitted lasting three days over the day ofSt James the Apostle.
From 1318 to 1319, the North of England suffered many raids from the Scots. After theBattle of Bannockburn, Wetherby was burned and many people were taken and killed. According to the blue plaque at the entrance to the lane,Scott Lane could be named after the Scottish raiders in 1318 or the 18th-century drovers who used Wetherby as a watering place.[8]
In theEnglish Civil War in 1644, before marching toTadcaster and on toMarston Moor, the Parliamentarians spent two days in Wetherby joining forces with the Scots.[9]
In the heyday of the coaching era, Wetherby had up to forty inns andalehouses. The first recorded mail coach arrived in Wetherby in 1786.[3]
In 1824,William Cavendish, 6th Duke of Devonshire sold the town of Wetherby (except one house) to finance work atChatsworth.[7] Wetherby provides the setting for the novelOldbury (1869) byAnnie Keary.[10]
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During theFirst World War, many Wetherby men served with either the 5th or 9th Battalion,West Yorkshire Regiment, which had great losses inFlanders. A war memorial designed by E. F. Roslyn was dedicated on 22 April 1922.[11]
In 1918, residents contributed to support the crew of theRacecourse-class minesweeperHMSWetherby despite hardship and shortages caused by the war.[11]
During theSecond World War, nearbyRAF Tockwith was renamedRAF Marston Moor to avoid confusion withRAF Topcliffe. Part of the airfield is now a driver training centre and the old control tower is used as the offices. Parts of the runways can still be seen.[11]Clark Gable was stationed at Marston Moor, during the Second World War, as a member of theUSAAF ground staff, with the rank of captain. He was transferred toRAF Polebrook in Northamptonshire.Adolf Hitler offered a reward to anyone who was able to catch the airman.[11]Group CaptainLeonard Cheshire was stationed at Marston Moor for a short while before leaving to become commander of the617 Dam Buster squadron.[11]
Wetherby had the onlystone frigate north of London, built onHallfield Lane in 1942 (it later became the local secondary school), named in turn; HMSCabot,Demetrius,Rodney andCeres. The base was closed in 1958 and transferred toChatham.[11]
Throughout the 1960s, the town council deliberated over how best to enlarge the town centre to cope with the needs of a growing population and to provide the town with a purpose built supermarket. Plans were put forward to enlarge the town over theings, or to develop the town centre into a pedestrian precinct. In the end, it was decided to build a purpose builtshopping precinct, which was built in the 1970s and underwent a significant redevelopment throughout 2003. By 2006, the remaining open parts of the Horsefair Centre were enclosed under a glass canopy roof.[citation needed]
Wetherby Town Council | |
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| Type | |
| Type | |
| Motto | |
| "Imperium in Imperio" ("One government within another.")[12] | |
| Meeting place | |
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| Website | |
| www | |
Since 2010, Wetherby has been in theElmet and Rothwell constituency, amarginal seat. The town's MP isAlec Shelbrooke, aConservative, who has his constituency offices in the town.Wetherby is anelectoral ward ofLeeds City Council and has a town council responsible for amenities, such as parks.
Thecoat of arms transferred over from the formerWetherby Rural District Council; it was the first such arms to be granted by theCollege of Arms to arural district council, on 7 January 1938.[12]
West Yorkshire Police have a station in Boston Road.[13]
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Wetherby has a cool, fairly moist climate with changeable weather year-round. Liquid equivalent precipitation totals about 630mm per year and is fairly well distributed through the seasons.
Cloudy weather tends to predominate, but settled, sunny spells occur at times.
Winter temperatures average just above freezing for lows, with highs about 5–9 °C.
Frost and snow are not uncommon, but are rarely severe or prolonged. Temperatures very rarely drop as low as −10 °C.
Summers are mild, with lows generally 10–15 °C and highs of 15–25 °C, with a few hot days approaching 30 °C.[14]
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According to the2001 UK Census, Wetherby had a population of 11,155[15] and the wider Wetherby ward had a population of 26,473[16] By the time of the2011 census, the population of the town had fallen to 10,772.[17] Since this was taken, the immediate town area has grown considerably.[citation needed] 150 new dwellings were built in one development inMicklethwaite, then a further 20 were added, flats have also appeared at the formerMotorworld, La Locanda Restaurant, Deighton Road car garage, Fields Works and the cattle market. In the late 2010s, two new large scale greenfield housing developments started to be developed; one in the Sandbeck area and another in the Spofforth Hill area.
TheWharfedale Brewery became Oxley's mineral water factory during the inter-war years.[7] It was demolished in the 1950s and redeveloped as theWest Yorkshire Road Car Company bus depot and bus station; it has been further redeveloped to include shops, offices and a restaurant. The site of the watermill, by the weir, is now occupied by riverside flats.[citation needed]
Wetherby has a manufacturing presence in the town and on theThorp Arch Trading Estate. Many residents work in Leeds or on the Sandbeck industrial estate, major retailers in the town centre or at Thorp Arch. Large employers include theBritish Library,Morrisons,Goldenfry Foods and Moores Furniture.
2017 saw the return of brewing to Wetherby, when the Wetherby Brew Company established a new microbrewery and taproom on the York Road Industrial Estate.[18]
In its heyday, Wetherby had seventeenpubs in its town centre. Only eleven now remain, of which ten are still open. The town's oldest surviving pub, theBrunswick Hotel, closed in 2003 and reopened asHarris' Bar; in 2012, it reopened again asThe Brunswick after refurbishment byEnterprise Inns. TheThree Legs public house closed in 2007 and becamebar Thr3, Wetherby's first non smoking pub.[19]
During theSecond World War, theAngel public house served German and Italianprisoners of war from the nearby camps and, being the only pub in the town to do so, attracted some controversy as a result.[20]
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Goldenfry, which started as afish and chip shop but which now makes other products including own-brand gravy for every UK supermarket, is situated on Sandbeck Way.[21] Inspirepac has a factory on Sandbeck Lane.[22]
The ICC Group is a multi national UK IT reseller and service provider, which was founded in 1998; it has its HQ at Sandbeck Lane. Supporting over 10% of the FTSE100, it specialises in HP/IBM and Dell products and associated IT services.[23]
Proactis, a leading modular Source-to-Pay solutions provider, has been in based in Wetherby since 1996. Despite transitioning to a remote first workforce in 2020, the company still retains a large office in the town centre.[24]
Farnell opened its first factory in 1956 on the York Road Industrial Estate, leasing some former W.D.Nissen huts. By 1963, it required new premises and moved to the Sandbeck Industrial Estate.[25] In 1997, GSM Valtech Industries purchased the metalwork fabrication site of Farnell Electronics. GSM Valtech's operations were transferred to the Wetherby site, increasing the manufacturing area to 28,000 sq ft and gaining staff with 40 years' experience in manufacturing electronic enclosures. Substantial investment followed.[citation needed] The company specialises in the manufacture and wholesale distribution of electrical,electronic andmeasurement, control and instrumentation equipment. In the 1990s the company moved to offices inArmley.[25]
TheForensic Science Service had a laboratory in Wetherby on Sandbeck Way. This closed in 2012 and has been demolished, with a new housing estate built on the site.HM Prison Wetherby is located on York Road.[26]
On 1 October 2008, the healthcare centre on Hallfield Lane was opened byColin Burgon, the LabourMember of Parliament (MP) forElmet. It was completed in May 2008 and services have been provided from the building since June 2008. The centre has a range of services includingpodiatry,physiotherapy and a baby clinic.[27][28]
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In 1914, 100 dwellings in Wetherby were considered unfit for habitation. This, and previous reports under theHousing, Town Planning, etc. Act 1909, led to the building of many villas. There are many surviving examples of these, such as Park Villas, York Place, Grosvenor Terrace and Sandringham Terrace. Landlords found these hard to let due to exorbitant rents and many remained empty for years. This also led to the demolition of the town's Bishopgate area. In 1910, the parish council started a programme to install street lighting in the hope of bettering the standard of living and reducing crime.
It was not until the post-war years that largehousing estates appeared throughout Wetherby. From the 1940s until the 1980s, many large estates were built from scratch. Both the local corporation and the private sector built many houses to satisfy the huge demand for homes in Wetherby. Developer Norman Ashton's company,Ashtons, were responsible for much of the housing in Wetherby, particularly around the Ainsty Estate, Hall Orchards and Templar Gardens areas. Most housing in the town is from these years. There is a wide variety of housing types in Wetherby, including waterside penthouses,council flats andmaisonettes, largedetached houses, smallterraces and probably the most common, the three bedroomed twentieth centurysemi-detached home.
For many years from 1959, the town's bypass started at a roundabout near aForte Group Posthouse hotel until July 1988 when the A1 was diverted at a cost of £11.5 million. On 18 December 2004, the northern section of the bypass was diverted to a new section of the A1(M), around Kirk Deighton, after construction work had begun in August 2003. The upgrade of the section between Bramham and Wetherby started in July 2007 and was completed in 2009.[29]
The upgrading of the A1 included the construction ofWetherby Services at the Wetherby North Junction. The upgrading of theA1(M) in Wetherby was the final development after 50 years of gradual improvement to motorway standard. A new road links all routes in and out of the town with the A1(M).[30][31][32]
Wetherby bus station in the Market Place was redeveloped in 1995;[33] since partialpedestrianisation in 2007, capacity has been reduced.
Bus routes are operated predominantly by:[34]
The nearest railway stations are atPannal andCattal, which are both on theHarrogate Line;Northern Trains operates services toLeeds,Harrogate,Knaresborough andYork.[35]
Wetherby had two railway stations, but both were closed as part of theBeeching Axe in 1964:[36]
The closest airport isLeeds Bradford Airport, inYeadon.
There are four primary schools situated in Wetherby: Crossley Street Primary School, Deighton Gates Primary School, St Josephs Primary School and St James C of E School. There is one secondary school,Wetherby High School (formerly Wetherby Secondary Modern School). . There is a further secondary school serving Wetherby situated inBoston Spa. The local college in Wetherby isLeeds City College.
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The town is home to several sports clubs: Wetherby Athletic AFC, Wetherby Bulldogs RLFC and Wetherby RUFC, all playing at a higher amateur level. Wetherby Athletic play in theWest Yorkshire League. The club was formed in 1949, when previous club Wetherby United folded, due to lack of players.[37] The club groundshare with Wetherby Bulldogs RLFC at the newly refurbished ground onIngs. Three-timeEnglish championsLeeds United's training ground is located just outside Wetherby.[38]
Wetherby Bulldogsrugby league team play at the Ings with Wetherby Athletic. The club plays in thePennine League Division Four. The club was formed in 1983 playing in the York and District Sunday League. In the 1997/98 season, Wetherby won the league without losing a game; they also won the White Rose Cup, playing the final atFeatherstone Rovers'Post Office Road ground. By 1999, the club was in Yorkshire League Division One.[39]
The town'srugby union club plays atGrange Park, sharing with Kirk Deighton Rangers Junior Football Club[40] and also with the town's cricket and bowls clubs, where it has a clubhouse and floodlit pitches.[41]
Wetherby Cricket Club plays at Grange Park, adjacent to the South WetherbyA1(M)/A661 intersection. It plays in the Wetherby League and the Whixley Evening League, fielding two senior and junior sides ranging from U-9s to U-17s.
Wetherby Bowling Club was established in 1986 at Grange Park Sports Centre, sited between the cricket club and the rugby union club. It has crown and flat greens, taking part in a floodlit mini league. The club has six crown green teams (playing in the Harrogate and Tadcaster Leagues) and three flat green teams.
Formed in October 2004, Wetherby Runners Athletic Club is based at Wetherby Sports Association with a membership of over 160. A junior section competes in West Yorks Track & Field & Cross Country leagues. It competes throughout the region in Harrogate Road League,[42] Yorkshire Dales Race Series,[43] West Yorks Cross Country League and takes part in cross country, fell, road races and marathons.[44] The club organises the Wetherby 10k run on the second Sunday in September at Wetherby Racecourse.[45]
Wetherby Golf Club has an 18-hole golf course, constructed in two loops of 9 holes along Wetherby Ings where, 100 years ago, steeplechase racing was the major sporting activity. The course is almost 6,700 yards, with five variable tee positions.[46]
Wetherby Castlegarth Tennis Club has had a presence in the town since 1904.
The route ofThe White Rose Way, a long-distance walk from Leeds toScarborough, passes through the town.
Wetherby Racecourse was originally located at the Ings before moving to York Road. The course is a left-hand oval with easy bends.[47] The racecourse has three stands, one constructed in the 1930s with football-style terracing, a two-tier seated stand constructed in the 1970s and the new Millennium Stand which opened in 1999 providing executive facilities.
Wetherby Racecourse is the starting point for the Great Yorkshire Bike Ride, an annual 70-mile (110-kilometre) ride toFiley in June, which has raised nearly £2 million for charity since its inception in 1984.[48][49]
There are five churches in Wetherby.[50]The parish church is dedicated toSt James[51] and its daughter churchThe Church on the Corner meets in the old Cemetery Chapel on Hallfield Lane.
There is aMethodist church on Bank Street, a Baptist church and the Community Church of the Salvation Army.St Joseph's Roman Catholic Church's building was opened in 1986 and won the Leeds award for Architecture in 1987.[52] Two smaller Catholic churches inBardsey andSicklinghall operate as satellite churches and do not have their own ministers.
The Baptist church was originally Anglican and was known asBarleyfields Church. Early in 2009, it became part of the Baptist Union of Great Britain. It met originally in the Barleyfields Centre, but moved to Deighton Gates School in September 2009.
In 1989, theWetherby in Bloom committee was founded and has charitable status. The town won theEntente Florale gold award in 1999 and anInternational Communities in Bloom award in 2005. It achieved success in theRHSBritain in Bloom competition in 1998, 2002 and 2010, along with numerous regional gold awards over the last 15 years.
The annual Wetherby Arts Festival[53] is sponsored byLeeds City Council and Wetherby Town Council.[54] It promotes the arts by providing a platform for local groups to perform and to bring in other performers and art forms.
On 2 July 2011 ageocache caused abomb scare in the town, attracting news coverage by the BBC, the geocache was then involved in acontrolled explosion leading to its destruction.[55][56]
The local newspaper is theWetherby News[57] and the lifestyle magazine is theExcelle.[58]
Local radio stations areBBC Radio Leeds,Heart Yorkshire,Greatest Hits Radio Yorkshire andCapital Yorkshire.Tempo FM is Wetherby's very own 100% volunteer-run community radio station, with studios located in the old council offices in Westgate.
Local news and television programmes are provided byBBC Yorkshire andITV Yorkshire, from theEmley Moor TV transmitter.
Wetherby Film Theatre is an independently-owned, traditional single screen cinema on Caxton Street. Although it opened in 1915 as a cinema, it had been used for some time as a bingo and social club, before being reopened as a cinema in 1994.[59]
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