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Westmere (microarchitecture)

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

CPU microarchitecture by Intel

For other uses, seeWestmere (disambiguation).

This articlemay requirecopy editing for a less technical lead. You can assist byediting it.(June 2025) (Learn how and when to remove this message)

Westmere
General information
Topside of a Core i7-970
Launched	January 7, 2010; 16 years ago (January 7, 2010)
Performance
Max.CPU clock rate	1.06 GHz to 4.40 GHz
QPI speeds	4.80 GT/s to 6.40 GT/s
DMI speeds	2.50 GT/s
Physical specifications
Transistors	382M to 2600M32nm
Cores	2-6 (4-10 Xeon)
GPUs	533 MHz to 900 MHz 177M45nm (K0)
Sockets	LGA 1156 LGA 1366 LGA 1567 rPGA988A
Cache
L1cache	64 KB per core
L2 cache	256 KB per core
L3 cache	2 to 30 MB shared
Architecture and classification
Microarchitecture	Nehalem
Instruction set	x86-16,IA-32,x86-64
Extensions	AES-NI,CLMUL MMX,SSE,SSE2,SSE3,SSSE3,SSE4,SSE4.1,SSE4.2 VT-x,VT-d
Products, models, variants
Model	Core in, Xeon
History
Predecessor	Nehalem
Successor	Sandy Bridge
Support status
Unsupported

Connection of theGPU inside the Westmere microarchitecture

Westmere (formerlyNehalem-C) is aCPU microarchitecture developed byIntel. It is a32 nm die shrink of its predecessor,Nehalem, and shares the sameCPU sockets with it. Some Westmere models haveintegrated graphics processors, branded asIntel HD Graphics, that supportDirectX 10.1 andOpenGL 2.1 API.

The firstWestmere-based processors were released on January 7, 2010. They were labeled under Intel'sCore,Pentium,Celeron, andXeon brandings.

Technology

[edit]

Westmere's feature improvements from Nehalem, as reported, include:

Native six-core (Gulftown) and ten-core (Westmere-EX) processors.^[1]
AES-NI instruction set support:^[2]
- Out of the total seven new instructions, six implement the AES algorithm specifically, the remaining PCLMULQDQ instruction (seeCLMUL instruction set) accelerates carry-less multiplication for use incryptography anddata compression.^[3]
Integrated graphics, fabricated on a separatedie using45 nm process, and added onto the processorpackage, beside the CPU die, (for dual coreArrandale andClarkdale only).
Improvedvirtualization latency^[4] and support for VMX Unrestricted mode, allowing 16-bit guests to run in real mode andbig real mode.
Support for "Huge Pages" of 1 GB in size.

Translation lookaside buffer sizes^[5]
Cache		Page size
Name	Level	4 KB	2 MB	1 GB
DTLB	1st	64	32	N/a
ITLB	1st	128	7 / logical core	N/a
STLB	2nd	512	none	none

CPU variants

[edit]

Processing cores (memory interface)	Process	Die size	CPUID	Model	Stepping	Mobile	Desktop, UP server	DP server	MP server
Ten-Core (Quad-channel)^[6]	32 nm	513 mm²	206F2	47	A2				Westmere-EX (80615)
Six-Core (Triple-Channel)	32 nm	248 mm²	206C0 (ES/QS), 206C1 (ES/QS), 206C2	44	A0, B0, B1		Gulftown (80613)	Westmere-EP (80614)
Dual-Core (Dual-Channel, PCIe, Graphics Core)	32 nm 45 nm (Integrated Graphics)	114 mm² +81 mm²	20652 20655	37	C2 K0	Arrandale (80617)	Clarkdale (80616)

Westmere CPUs

[edit]

Intel Xeon E7-2850 die shot (Westmere-EX)

TDP includes the integrated GPU, if present.
Clarkdale processors feature 16PCIe 2.0 lanes, which can be used in 1x16 or 2x8 configuration.
Clarkdale andArrandale contain the 32 nm dual core processorHillel and the 45 nm integrated graphics deviceIronlake, and support switchable graphics.^[7]^[8]
Only certain higher-end CPUs support AES-NI and 1GB Huge Pages.

Server / Desktop processors

[edit]

Codename	Market	Cores / threads	Socket	Processor branding & model		Clock rate		Turbo	TDP	Interfaces		L3 cache	Release date	Price
Codename	Market	Cores / threads	Socket	Processor branding & model		Core	GPU	Turbo	TDP	Chipset	Memory	L3 cache	Release date	Price

Westmere-EX^[9]	MP Server	10 (20)	LGA 1567	Xeon	E7-8870	2.4 GHz	N/a	Yes	130 W	4× QPI 6.4 GT/s	4× DDR3-1066	30 MB	2011-04-05^[10]	$4616
					E7-4870									$4394
					E7-2870									$4227
					E7-8867L	2.13 GHz			105 W					$4172
					E7-8860	2.26 GHz			130 W			24 MB		$4061
					E7-4860									$3838
					E7-2860									$3670
					E7-8850	2 GHz								$3059
					E7-4850									$2837
					E7-2850									$2558
		8 (8)			E7-8837	2.66 GHz								$2280
		8 (16)			E7-8830	2.13 GHz			105 W					$2280
					E7-4830									$2059
					E7-2830									$1779
					E7-4820	2 GHz				4× QPI 5.86 GT/s		18 MB		$1446
					E7-2820	2 GHz				4× QPI 5.86 GT/s				$1334
		6 (12)			E7-4807	1.86 GHz		No	95 W	4× QPI 4.8 GT/s	4× DDR3-800			$890
		6 (12)			E7-2803	1.73 GHz		No	105 W	4× QPI 4.8 GT/s	4× DDR3-800			$774
Westmere-EP	DP Server	2 (4)	LGA 1366	Xeon	X5698^[11]	4.4 GHz	N/a	No	130 W	2× QPI 6.4GT/s	3× DDR3-1333	12 MB	Q1 2011	OEM
		6 (12)			X5690	3.46 GHz		Yes					2011-02-13	$1663
					X5680	3.33 GHz							2010-03-16	$1663
					X5679	3.2 GHz			115 W				2011-02-13	OEM
					X5675	3.06 GHz			95 W				2011-02-13	$1440
					X5670	2.93 GHz							2010-03-16	$1440
					X5660	2.8 GHz								$1219
					X5650	2.66 GHz								$996
					E5649	2.53 GHz			80 W	2× QPI 5.86 GT/s			2011-02-13	$774
					E5645	2.4 GHz			80 W				2010-03-16	$551
					L5645	2.4 GHz			60 W				2011-02-13	OEM
					L5640	2.26 GHz							2010-03-16	$996
					L5639	2.13 GHz							2011-02-13	OEM
					L5638	2.0 GHz							2010-03-16	$958
		4 (8)			X5687	3.6 GHz			130 W	2× QPI 6.4 GT/s			2011-02-13	$1663
					X5677	3.46 GHz			130 W				2010-03-16	$1663
					X5672	3.2 GHz			95 W				2011-02-13	$1440
					X5667	3.06 GHz			95 W				2010-03-16	$1440
					X5647	2.93 GHz			130 W	2× QPI 5.86 GT/s	3× DDR3-1066		2011-02-13	$774
					E5640	2.66 GHz			80 W				2010-03-16	$774
					E5630	2.53 GHz								$551
					E5620	2.4 GHz								$387
					L5630	2.13 GHz			40 W					$551
					L5618	1.86 GHz								$530
		4 (4)			L5609	1.86 GHz		No		2× QPI 4.8 GT/s				$440
					E5607	2.26 GHz			80 W			8 MB	2011-02-13	$276
					E5606	2.13 GHz						8 MB		$219
					E5603	1.6 GHz						4 MB		$188
Gulftown^[12]	UP Server	6 (12)		Xeon	W3690	3.46 GHz	N/a	Yes	130 W	1× QPI 6.4GT/s	3×DDR3-1333	12 MB	2011-02-13^[13]	$999
					W3680	3.33 GHz				1× QPI 6.4GT/s	3×DDR3-1333		2010-03-16^[14]	$999
					W3670	3.20 GHz				1× QPI 4.8 GT/s	3× DDR3-1066		2010-08-29	$885
	Extreme / Performance Desktop			Core i7 Extreme	990X	3.46 GHz				1× QPI 6.4 GT/s			2011-02-13	$999
				Core i7 Extreme	980X	3.33 GHz				1× QPI 6.4 GT/s			2010-03-16	$999
				Core i7	980	3.33 GHz				1× QPI 4.8 GT/s			2011-06-26	$583
				Core i7	970	3.20 GHz				1× QPI 4.8 GT/s			2010-07-17	$583
Clarkdale^[15]	UP Server	2 (4)	LGA 1156	Xeon	L3406	2.26 GHz	N/a	Yes	30 W	DMI	2× DDR3-1066	4 MB	2010-03-16	$189
	UP Server	2 (2)		Xeon	L3403	2.0 GHz	N/a		30 W		2× DDR3-1066		2010-10	OEM
	Mainstream / Value Desktop	2 (4)		Core i5	680	3.6 GHz	733 MHz		73 W		2× DDR3-1333		2010-04-18	$294
					670	3.46 GHz	733 MHz		73 W				2010-01-07	$284
					661	3.33 GHz	900 MHz		87 W					$196
					660	3.33 GHz	733 MHz		73 W					$196
					655K	3.2 GHz							2010-05-30	$216
					650	3.2 GHz							2010-01-07	$176
				Core i3	560	3.33 GHz		No					2010-08-29	$138
					550	3.20 GHz							2010-05-30	$138
					540	3.06 GHz							2010-01-07	$133
					530	2.93 GHz							2010-01-07	$113
		2 (2)		Pentium	G6960	2.93 GHz	533 MHz				2× DDR3-1066	3 MB	2011-01-09	$89
					G6951	2.8 GHz							Q3 2010	OEM
					G6950	2.8 GHz							2010-01-07	$87
				Celeron	G1101	2.26 GHz						2 MB	2010-01-07	$70
Codename	Market	Cores / Threads	Socket	Processor Branding & model		Core	GPU	Turbo	TDP	Chipset	Memory	L3 cache	Release Date	Price
Codename	Market	Cores / Threads	Socket	Processor Branding & model		Clock rate		Turbo	TDP	Interfaces		L3 cache	Release Date	Price

Mobile processors

[edit]

Codename	Market	Cores / threads	Processor branding & model		CPUClock rate		GPUclock rate	Turbo	TDP	Memory	L3 cache	Interface	Release date	Price
Codename	Market	Cores / threads	Processor branding & model		Standard	Turbo (1C/2C active cores )	GPUclock rate	Turbo	TDP	Memory	L3 cache	Interface	Release date	Price

Arrandale	Mainstream / Value Mobile	2 (4)	Core i7	640M	2.8 GHz	3.46/3.2 GHz	766 MHz	Yes	35 W	2× DDR3-1066	4 MB	* DMI PCIe 1 x16 Socket: μPGA-988 / BGA-1288	2010-09-26	$346
				620M	2.66 GHz	3.33/3.06 GHz							2010-01-07	$332
				610E	2.53 GHz	3.2/2.93 GHz							2010-01-07	$332
				660LM	2.26 GHz	3.06/2.8 GHz	566 MHz		25 W				2010-09-26	$346
				640LM	2.13 GHz	2.93/2.66 GHz							2010-01-07	$332
				620LM / 620LE	2.0 GHz	2.8/2.53 GHz							2010-01-07	$300
				680UM	1.46 GHz	2.53/2.16 GHz	500 MHz		18 W	2× DDR3-800			2010-09-26	$317
				660UM / 660UE	1.33 GHz	2.4/2.0 GHz							2010-05-25	$317
				640UM	1.2 GHz	2.26/1.86 GHz							2010-01-07	$305
				620UM / 620UE	1.06 GHz	2.13/1.76 GHz							2010-01-07	$278
			Core i5	580M	2.66 GHz	3.33/2.93 GHz	766 MHz		35 W	2× DDR3-1066	3 MB		2010-09-26	$266
				560M	2.66 GHz	3.2/2.93 GHz							2010-09-26	$225
				540M	2.53 GHz	3.06/2.8 GHz							2010-01-07	$257
				520M / 520E	2.4 GHz	2.93/2.66 GHz							2010-01-07	$225
				560UM	1.33 GHz	2.13/1.86 GHz	500 MHz		18 W	2× DDR3-800			2010-09-26	$250
				540UM	1.2 GHz	2.0/1.73 GHz							2010-05-25	$250
				520UM	1.06 GHz	1.86/1.6 GHz							2010-01-07	$241
				480M	2.66 GHz	2.93/2.93 GHz	766 MHz		35 W	2× DDR3-1066			2011-01-09	OEM
				460M	2.53 GHz	2.8/2.8 GHz							2010-09-26
				450M	2.4 GHz	2.66/2.66 GHz							2010-06-26
				430M	2.26 GHz	2.53/2.53 GHz							2010-01-07
				470UM	1.33 GHz	1.86/1.6 GHz	500 MHz		18 W	2× DDR3-800			2010-10-01
				430UM	1.2 GHz	1.73/1.46 GHz	500 MHz		18 W	2× DDR3-800			2010-05-25
			Core i3	390M	2.66 GHz	n/a	667 MHz	No	35 W	2× DDR3-1066			2011-01-09
				380M	2.53 GHz								2010-09-26
				370M	2.4 GHz								2010-06-20
				350M	2.26 GHz								2010-01-07
				330M / 330E	2.13 GHz								2010-01-07
				380UM	1.33 GHz		500 MHz		18 W	2× DDR3-800			2010-10-01
				330UM	1.2 GHz		500 MHz		18 W	2× DDR3-800			2010-05-25
		2 (2)	Pentium	P6300	2.26 GHz		667 MHz		35 W	2× DDR3-1066			2011-01-09
				P6200	2.13 GHz								2010-09-26
				P6100	2.0 GHz								2010-09-26
				P6000	1.86 GHz								2010-06-20
				U5600	1.33 GHz		500 MHz		18 W	2× DDR3-800			2011-01-09
				U5400	1.2 GHz		500 MHz		18 W	2× DDR3-800			2010-05-25
			Celeron	P4600	2.0 GHz		667 MHz		35 W	2× DDR3-1066	2 MB		2010-09-26	$86
				P4500 / P4505	1.86 GHz		667 MHz		35 W	2× DDR3-1066			2010-03-28	OEM
				U3600	1.2 GHz		500 MHz		18 W	2× DDR3-800			2011-01-09	$134
				U3400 / U3405	1.06 GHz		500 MHz		18 W	2× DDR3-800 / 1066			2010-05-25	OEM

Roadmap

[edit]

The successor toNehalem andWestmere isSandy Bridge.

Intel CPU core roadmaps fromP6 to Panther Lake

Microarch.	Step	Node name	Microarch.	Step
Atom (ULV)		Node name	Pentium/Core
		600 nm	P6	Pentium Pro (133 MHz)
		500 nm		Pentium Pro (150 MHz)
		350 nm		Pentium Pro (166–200 MHz)
		350 nm		Klamath
		250 nm		Deschutes
		250 nm		Katmai	NetBurst
		180 nm		Coppermine	Willamette
		130 nm		Tualatin	Northwood
		130 nm	Pentium M	Banias	Northwood		NetBurst(HT)		NetBurst(×2)
		90 nm		Dothan	Prescott	⇨	Prescott‑2M	⇨	Smithfield
		90 nm		Dothan	~~Tejas~~	→	⇩	→	~~Cedarmill (Tejas)~~
		65 nm		Yonah	~~Nehalem (NetBurst)~~		Cedar Mill	⇨	Presler
		65 nm	Core	Merom	4 cores on mainstream desktop,DDR3 introduced
Bonnell	Bonnell	45 nm	Core	Penryn
	Bonnell	45 nm	Nehalem	Nehalem	HT reintroduced, integratedMC, PCH L3-cache introduced, 256 KB L2-cache/core
	Saltwell	32 nm	Nehalem	Westmere	Introduced GPU on same package andAES-NI
	Saltwell	32 nm	Sandy Bridge	Sandy Bridge	On-die ring bus, no more non-UEFI motherboards
Silvermont	Silvermont	22 nm	Sandy Bridge	Ivy Bridge
	Silvermont	22 nm	Haswell	Haswell	Fully integrated voltage regulator
	Airmont	14 nm	Haswell	Broadwell
	Airmont		Skylake	Skylake	DDR4 introduced on mainstream desktop
Goldmont	Goldmont			Kaby Lake
				Coffee Lake	6 cores on mainstream desktop
				Amber Lake	Mobile-only
Goldmont Plus	Goldmont Plus			Whiskey Lake	Mobile-only
				Coffee Lake Refresh	8 cores on mainstream desktop
				Comet Lake	10 cores on mainstream desktop
			Sunny Cove	Cypress Cove (Rocket Lake)	Backported Sunny Cove microarchitecture for 14 nm
Tremont	Tremont	10 nm	Skylake	Palm Cove (Cannon Lake)	Mobile-only
			Sunny Cove	Sunny Cove (Ice Lake)	512 KB L2-cache/core
			Sunny Cove	Willow Cove (Tiger Lake)	X^e graphics engine
Gracemont	Gracemont	Intel 7 (10 nm ESF)	Golden Cove	Golden Cove (Alder Lake)	Hybrid, DDR5, PCIe 5.0
Gracemont	Gracemont	Intel 7 (10 nm ESF)	Golden Cove	Raptor Cove (Raptor Lake)
Crestmont	Crestmont	Intel 4	Redwood Cove	Meteor Lake	Mobile-only NPU,chiplet architecture
Crestmont	Crestmont	Intel 3	Redwood Cove	Arrow Lake-U
Skymont	Skymont	N3B (TSMC)	Lion Cove	Lunar Lake	Low power mobile only (9–30 W)
Skymont	Skymont	N3B (TSMC)	Lion Cove	Arrow Lake
Darkmont	Darkmont	Intel 18A	Cougar Cove	Panther Lake

~~Strike-through~~ indicates cancelled processors
Bold names are microarchitectures
Italic names are future processors

References

[edit]

^Valich, Theo (2009-04-16)."Intel says no to 28nm, focuses on 22nm: Ivy Bridge/Haswell & Larrabee". Archived fromthe original on 2011-07-08. Retrieved23 March 2015.
^Smalley, Tim (2007-09-19),Westmere is Nehalem's successor, bit-tech.net
^Carry-Less Multiplication and Its Usage for Computing The GCM Mode – Intel Software Network, 2008-04-11, retrieved2009-03-01
^Fuad Abazovic (2008-09-16),Westmere 32nm to improve Nehalem features, Fudzilla.com, archived fromthe original on 2015-02-19, retrieved2009-03-01
^"Intel® Developer Zone"(PDF). RetrievedJanuary 16, 2013.^{[dead link]}
^"Westmere-EX 10 core CPUs announced by Intel at IDF".TweakTown. September 14, 2010.
^Bell, Brandon (2009-02-10),Intel CPU Roadmap 2009–2010, FS Media, Inc, retrieved2009-03-01
^CPU list, archived fromthe original on 2012-03-01
^Westmere-EX: Intel Improves their Xeon Flagship, archived fromthe original on April 9, 2011
^Intel Launches New Xeon Chips with Up to Ten Cores, archived fromthe original on 2012-07-17, retrieved2012-08-20
^Hilbert Hagedoorn (March 15, 2011)."Intel ships a 4.4GHz Xeon X5698".The Guru of 3D.
^Intel pushes workhorse Xeons to six cores
^Intel Xeon X5690 - AT80614005913AB (BX80614X5690)
^Intel Launches Its Most Secure Data Center Processor, archived fromthe original on 2011-09-29, retrieved2018-11-18
^Intel Clarkdale Processor, XTREVIEW, 2009-02-09, retrieved2009-03-01

External links

[edit]

Official Intel homepage for Westmere-EP
Official Intel homepage for Westmere-EX
Westmere-EX: A 20 thread server CPU Archived 2014-02-02 at theWayback Machine (PDF)

Intel processors

Lists

Processors
- Atom
- Celeron
- Pentium
  - Pro
  - II
  - III
  - 4
  - D
  - M
- Core
  - 2
  - i3
  - i5
  - i7
  - i9
  - M
- Xeon
- Quark
- Itanium
Microarchitectures
Chipsets

Microarchitectures

IA-32 (32-bit x86)	P5 P6 P6 variant (Pentium M) P6 variant (Enhanced Pentium M) NetBurst
x86-64 (64-bit)	Core Penryn Nehalem Westmere Sandy Bridge Ivy Bridge Haswell Broadwell Skylake Cannon Lake Sunny Cove Cypress Cove Willow Cove Golden Cove Raptor Cove Redwood Cove Lion Cove Cougar Cove
x86 ULV	Bonnell Saltwell Silvermont Airmont Goldmont Goldmont Plus Tremont Gracemont Crestmont Skymont

Current products

x86-64 (64-bit)	Atom Celeron Pentium Core 10th gen 11th gen 12th gen 13th gen 14th gen Core Ultra 1st gen 2nd gen 3rd gen 4th gen Xeon

Discontinued

BCD oriented (4-bit)	4004 (1971) 4040 (1974)
pre-x86 (8-bit)	8008 (1972) 8080 (1974) 8085 (1977)
Earlyx86 (16-bit)	8086 (1978) 8088 (1979) 80186 (1982) 80188 (1982) 80286 (1982)
x87 (externalFPUs)	8/16-bit databus 8087 (1980) 16-bit databus 80C187 80287 80387SX 32-bit databus 80387DX 80487
IA-32 (32-bit x86)	i386 SX 376 EX i486 SX DX2 DX4 SL RapidCAD OverDrive A100/A110 Atom CE SoC Celeron (1998) M D (2004) Pentium Original i586 OverDrive Pro II III 4 M Dual-Core Core Xeon P6-based NetBurst-based Core-based Quark Tolapai
x86-64 (64-bit)	Atom SoC CE Celeron D Dual-Core Pentium 4 D Extreme Edition Dual-Core Core 2 1st gen 2nd gen 3rd gen 4th gen 5th gen 6th gen 7th gen 8th gen 9th gen 10th gen 11th gen M Xeon Nehalem-based Sandy Bridge-based Ivy Bridge-based Haswell-based Broadwell-based Skylake-based
Other	CISC iAPX 432 EPIC Itanium RISC i860 i960 StrongARM XScale

Intel CPU core roadmaps fromP6 to Panther Lake

Microarch.	Step	Node name	Microarch.	Step
Atom (ULV)		Node name	Pentium/Core
		600 nm	P6	Pentium Pro (133 MHz)
		500 nm		Pentium Pro (150 MHz)
		350 nm		Pentium Pro (166–200 MHz)
		350 nm		Klamath
		250 nm		Deschutes
		250 nm		Katmai	NetBurst
		180 nm		Coppermine	Willamette
		130 nm		Tualatin	Northwood
		130 nm	Pentium M	Banias	Northwood		NetBurst(HT)		NetBurst(×2)
		90 nm		Dothan	Prescott	⇨	Prescott‑2M	⇨	Smithfield
		90 nm		Dothan	~~Tejas~~	→	⇩	→	~~Cedarmill (Tejas)~~
		65 nm		Yonah	~~Nehalem (NetBurst)~~		Cedar Mill	⇨	Presler
		65 nm	Core	Merom	4 cores on mainstream desktop,DDR3 introduced
Bonnell	Bonnell	45 nm	Core	Penryn
	Bonnell	45 nm	Nehalem	Nehalem	HT reintroduced, integratedMC, PCH L3-cache introduced, 256 KB L2-cache/core
	Saltwell	32 nm	Nehalem	Westmere	Introduced GPU on same package andAES-NI
	Saltwell	32 nm	Sandy Bridge	Sandy Bridge	On-die ring bus, no more non-UEFI motherboards
Silvermont	Silvermont	22 nm	Sandy Bridge	Ivy Bridge
	Silvermont	22 nm	Haswell	Haswell	Fully integrated voltage regulator
	Airmont	14 nm	Haswell	Broadwell
	Airmont		Skylake	Skylake	DDR4 introduced on mainstream desktop
Goldmont	Goldmont			Kaby Lake
				Coffee Lake	6 cores on mainstream desktop
				Amber Lake	Mobile-only
Goldmont Plus	Goldmont Plus			Whiskey Lake	Mobile-only
				Coffee Lake Refresh	8 cores on mainstream desktop
				Comet Lake	10 cores on mainstream desktop
			Sunny Cove	Cypress Cove (Rocket Lake)	Backported Sunny Cove microarchitecture for 14 nm
Tremont	Tremont	10 nm	Skylake	Palm Cove (Cannon Lake)	Mobile-only
			Sunny Cove	Sunny Cove (Ice Lake)	512 KB L2-cache/core
			Sunny Cove	Willow Cove (Tiger Lake)	X^e graphics engine
Gracemont	Gracemont	Intel 7 (10 nm ESF)	Golden Cove	Golden Cove (Alder Lake)	Hybrid, DDR5, PCIe 5.0
Gracemont	Gracemont	Intel 7 (10 nm ESF)	Golden Cove	Raptor Cove (Raptor Lake)
Crestmont	Crestmont	Intel 4	Redwood Cove	Meteor Lake	Mobile-only NPU,chiplet architecture
Crestmont	Crestmont	Intel 3	Redwood Cove	Arrow Lake-U
Skymont	Skymont	N3B (TSMC)	Lion Cove	Lunar Lake	Low power mobile only (9–30 W)
Skymont	Skymont	N3B (TSMC)	Lion Cove	Arrow Lake
Darkmont	Darkmont	Intel 18A	Cougar Cove	Panther Lake