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Western Dani language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Language
Western Dani
Lani
RegionHighland Papua,Indonesia
EthnicityLani
Native speakers
(180,000 cited 1993)[1]
Language codes
ISO 639-3dnw
Glottologwest2594
This article containsIPA phonetic symbols. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofUnicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA.

Western Dani, orLani, is aNuclear-Trans-New Guinea language. It is thePapuan language with the most speakers inIndonesianNew Guinea. It is spoken by theLani people in theprovince of Highland Papua.

TheBaliem Valley tribes are calledOeringoep andTimorini in literature from the 1920s, but those names are no longer used.

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]

The consonantphoneme inventory of Western Dani has been described as follows:[2]

Consonant phonemes
BilabialAlveolarVelarGlottal
plainlab.
Nasalmn
Plosivevoicelessptkʔ
prenasalᵐbⁿdᵑɡᵑɡʷ
Fricativeβɣɣʷ
Flapɾ
Laterall
Approximantwɹ

At the beginning of words, oral stops have aspiratedallophones [pʰ, tʰ, kʰ, kʷʰ]; intervocalically, voiceless /p t k / have voiced allophones [β d ~ ɾ ɣ ~ ʁ], for instance following the prefixno-/na- meaning "my".

Word-initialIntervocalicWord-final
/p/[ɐɾum ]

‘corn’

[ nɔβɐɾum ]

‘my corn’

[ ɐːp ]

‘men’

/t/[owe ]

‘bird’

[ nɐɾowe]

‘my bird’

[ ɐɾet ]

‘certainly’

/k/[ɒm ]

‘taro’

[ nɐɣɒm ]

‘my taro’

[ lek ]

‘no’

An intervocalic /ɣ/ is pronounced as[ʁ], and a /ɹ/ before a high vowel becomes a fricative[z].

Vowels

[edit]
Vowel phonemes
FrontCentralBack
Highiu
Mideɒɒː
Lowɐɐː

Vowels /i, u, ɒ/ have allophones [ɪ,ʊ,ɔ].

Vowel length is contrastive in Western Dani, as illustrated by the minimal and near minimal pairs below:

QualityShortLong
/e/ vs. /eː// teʁe /

‘stick’

/ tʁe /

‘drive away’

/ɐ/ vs. /ɐː//ɐɣe /

‘tail’

/ɐːɣe /

‘steam’

/ɒ/ vs. /ɒː// kɒɾɒk /

‘fill’

/ kɒːɾɒk /

‘near’

/u/ vs. /uː// jum /

‘net bag’

/m /

‘shoulder’

References

[edit]
  1. ^Western Dani atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^Barclay, Peter (2008).A Grammar of Western Dani.
Dani
Paniai Lakes
West Bomberai
Timor–Alor–Pantar
East Timor
Alor–Pantar
Others


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