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West Jersey

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Coordinates:40°09′58″N74°14′02″W / 40.166°N 74.234°W /40.166; -74.234

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

English possession in North America (1674–1702)

Province of West Jersey

1674–1702

The original provinces of West and East Jersey are shown in yellow and green respectively. TheKeith Line is shown in red, and theCoxe–Barclay Line is shown in orange.

Status

Colony ofEngland

Capital

Burlington

Common languages

English

Government

Proprietary colony

Lords Proprietor

• 1674

Edward Byllynge
John Fenwick

Governor

• 1680-1687

Edward Byllynge (first)

• 1699-1702

Andrew Hamilton (last)

History

• Established

1674

• Disestablished

1702

Currency

Pound sterling

Preceded by

Succeeded by

Province of New Jersey

Province of New Jersey
Dominion of New England

Today part of

United States

New Jersey

1698 map showing West Jersey andPennsylvania

West Jersey andEast Jersey were two distinct parts of theProvince of New Jersey. The political division existed for 28 years, between 1674 and 1702. Determination of an exact location for aborder between West Jersey and East Jersey was often a matter of dispute.

Background

[edit]

TheDelaware Valley had been inhabited by theLenape (or Delaware) Indians prior to European exploration and settlement starting around 1609, undertaken by the Dutch, Swedish and English. TheDutch West India Company had established one or twoDelaware River settlements, but by the late 1620s, it had moved most of its inhabitants to the island ofManhattan. This became the center ofNew Netherland.^[1] West Jersey and East Jersey were two sections of New Jersey.

The development of the colony ofNew Sweden in the lower Delaware Valley began in 1638. Most of the Swedish population was on the west side of the Delaware. After the English re-established New Netherland'sFort Nassau to challenge the Swedes, the latter constructedFort Nya Elfsborg in present-daySalem County. Fort Nya Elfsborg was located between present daySalem andAlloway Creek. The New Sweden colony established two primary settlements in New Jersey: Sveaborg, nowSwedesboro, and Nya Stockholm, nowBridgeport.Trinity Church, located in Swedesboro, was the site of theChurch of Sweden for the area.^[2]^[3]

The Dutch defeated New Sweden in 1655. Settlement of the West Jersey area by Europeans was thin until the English conquest in 1664. Beginning in the late 1670s,Quakers settled in great numbers in this area, first in present-day Salem County and then inBurlington. The latter became the capital of West Jersey.^[4]

Before 1674,land surveyors for New Jersey considered it as ahundred and partitioned it intotenths. West Jersey comprised five of the tenths. But demarcation of the boundaries awaited settlement, thequit-rents the settlers would pay, and the land surveying which the money would purchase. Thus it took years and multiple surveys to settle boundary disputes.Burlington County was formed on May 17, 1694 by combining the first and second tenths.^[5] At least three surveys were conducted of West Jersey.Richard Tindall was surveyor-general ofFenwick's Colony, the fifth tenth.

Summary of boundary lines^[5]
Date	Boundary name	Description
1674	Original Duke of York Line (did not recognizeJohn Fenwick's holdings)	Barnegat Bay toRancocas Creek on the Delaware River just north of present-day Philadelphia.
1676	Quintipartite Deed Line (between George Carteret on the East, andWilliam Penn,Gawen Lawrie, Nicholas Lucas, andEdward Byllynge on the West, except for 10% to John Fenwick)	On the north from a point 41° 40' latitude on theDelaware River extending southward on a straight and direct line to the east side of Little Egg-Harbor.
1687	William Emley / John Reid Adjustment (commissioners from West and East Jersey respectively)	Adjusted description on the Delaware fifty minutes more westerly due to magnetic compass variation
1687	Keith Line aka Province Line (Surveyed north only to the south branch of the Raritan River)	Stopped by GovernorDaniel Coxe of West Jersey and GovernorRobert Barclay of East Jersey
1688	Coxe-Barclay Line Survey	Extended the Keith Line from theRaritan River along specific properties that defined the eastern boundaries of present- day Morris and Sussex Counties and the northern border of Somerset County
1696	Thornton Line Survey	Attempted to correct errors from previous surveys
1702	East and West Jersey United	Violence became so obsessive, that East and West proprietors gave up their individual governing rights toQueen Anne
1743	Lawrence Line Survey (Land ownership disputes continued. West Jersey proprietors attempted to fund survey but failed. East Jersey Proprietors then hired John Lawrence)	Adopted by NJ supreme court in 1855 as the final arbiter of all land disputes. Today defines boundary for Walpack, Sandyston, Stillwater, Hampton, and Green Townships

Constitution

[edit]

See:History of the New Jersey State Constitution#West Jersey Constitution

References

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^The Delaware Indians: A History, (by Weslager, C. A. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press. 1972)
^The Swedes and Finns in New Jersey (Federal Writers' Project of WPA. Bayonne, New Jersey: Jersey Printing Company, Inc. 1938)
^A Brief History Of The Early Swedes in New Jersey (Gloucester County NJ History and Genealogy)http://www.nj.searchroots.com/Gloucesterco/swedesboro.htm
^British Colony (Burlington County Historical Society. Burlington City, NJ )[1]
^^a ^bSnyder, John P.The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606–1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 93. Accessed September 30, 2013.

External links

[edit]

West Jersey History Project
Quaker West New Jersey: Democracy in 1677
1677 Charter Archived 2013-05-07 at theWayback Machine
1681 Regulations
Where was the West Jersey/East Jersey line?
Colonial Charters, Grants and Related Documents (at "New Jersey").

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Discourse Concerning Western Planting(1584) Mayflower Compact(1620) Mourt's Relation(1622) Of Plymouth Plantation(1630–1651) Fundamental Orders of Connecticut(1638) Quintipartite Deed(1676)
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