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West Central German

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Variety of Central German

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West Central German
Westmitteldeutsch
Geographic distribution	Rhineland-Palatinate,Saarland,Hesse,North Rhine-Westphalia,German-speaking Community of Belgium,Lorraine,Deitscherei
Linguistic classification	Indo-European Germanic West Germanic Elbe Germanic High German Central German West Central German
Subdivisions	Central Franconian Rhine Franconian
Language codes
Glottolog	`high1287`
West Central German–language area

West Central German (German:Westmitteldeutsch)^[1]^[2] belongs to theCentral,High German dialect family ofGerman. It includes the following sub-families:

Central Franconian (Mittelfränkisch)
- Ripuarian (Ripuarisch), spoken inNorth Rhine-Westphalia (includingKölsch) andGerman-speaking Belgium and a small edge of the south of theDutch province of Limbourg.
- Moselle Franconian (Moselfränkisch;French:francique luxembourgeois) inRhineland-Palatinate,Saarland andFrance
  - Luxembourgish (Luxemburgisch;Luxembourgish:Lëtzebuergesch;francique luxembourgeois orluxembourgeois) inLuxembourg, Belgium and France
  - Hunsrik (Riograndenser Hunsrückisch), spoken in Brazil and derived from theHunsrückisch dialect of Moselle Franconian
Rhine Franconian (Rheinfränkisch;francique rhénan)
- Palatinate Franconian (Pfälzisch;francique palatin), spoken inRhineland-Palatinate
  - Lorraine Franconian (Lothringisch;francique lorrain) in the French region ofLorraine
  - Bukovina German (Bukowinadeutsch) inBukovina (extinct)^{[citation needed]}
  - Pennsylvania German (Pennsylvaniadeutsch) in historical communities in North America, especiallyPennsylvania
- Hessian (Hessisch) inHesse and theRhenish Hesse region of Rhineland-Palatinate
  - North Hessian (Nordhessisch)
  - Central Hessian (Mittelhessisch)
  - East Hessian (Osthessisch)
  - South Hessian (Südhessisch)

On the southern and southeastern edges, West Central German varieties border on an area often considered a transitional area betweenCentral German andUpper German, comprising the dialect groupsSouth Franconian German andEast Franconian German (popularly calledFranconian because dialects of this sub-family are spoken all overFranconia).

West Central German was spoken in several settlements throughout America, for example in theAmana Colonies.

References

[edit]

^Dubenion-Smith, Shannon A. (June 2010)."Verbal Complex Phenomena in West Central German: Empirical Domain and Multi-Causal Account".Journal of Germanic Linguistics.22 (2):99–191.doi:10.1017/S1470542709990249.ISSN 1475-3014. Retrieved9 November 2025.
^Dubenion-Smith, Shannon A. (1 April 2013)."A questionnaire study of two-verb clusters in West Central German".Folia Linguistica.47 (1):1–34.doi:10.1515/flin.2013.002.ISSN 1614-7308. Retrieved9 November 2025.

Germanic languages

According to contemporaryphilology

West

Anglo-Frisian

Anglic

English
- dialects
- Old English
- Middle English
- Modern English
  - Early Modern English
Irish Middle English
- Fingallian
- Kildare
- Yola
Scots
- Early Scots
- Middle Scots

Frisian

Historical forms	Old Frisian Middle Frisian
East Frisian	Ems Saterland Frisian Upgant Frisian Weser Wangerooge Frisian Wursten Frisian Harlingerland Frisian
North Frisian	Insular Eiderstedt Föhr–Amrum Föhr Amrum Heligolandic Sylt Mainland Bökingharde Mooring Halligen Goesharde Northern Central Southern Karrharde Strand Wiedingharde
West Frisian	Hindeloopen Schiermonnikoog Westlauwers–Terschellings Mainland West Frisian Clay Frisian Wood Frisian Westereendersk Terschelling

Low German

Historical forms	Old Saxon Middle Low German
West Low German	Dutch Low Saxon Stellingwarfs Tweants Gronings Drèents Gelders-Overijssels Achterhooks Sallaans Urkers Veluws Northern Low Saxon East Frisian Low Saxon Gronings Hamburg Holsteinisch Oldenburgisch Bremian Schleswigsch Eastphalian Westphalian
East Low German	Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch Brandenburgisch Central Pomeranian East Pomeranian Low Prussian Plautdietsch / Mennonite Low German

Low Franconian

Historical forms	Frankish Old Dutch Middle Dutch
Standard variants	Dutch Afrikaans (Kaaps)
West Low Franconian	Central Dutch Hollandic West Flemish French Flemish Zeelandic East Flemish Brabantian Kleverlandish Surinamese Dutch Jersey Dutch Mohawk Dutch Stadsfries/Bildts/Amelands/Midslands
East Low Franconian	Limburgish
Cover groups	Bergish Meuse-Rhenish

High German
(German)

Historical forms

Standard German

Non-standard variants
andcreoles

Central German

West Central German	Central Franconian Ripuarian Colognian Southeast Limburgish Moselle Franconian Luxembourgish Transylvanian Saxon Hunsrückisch Hunsrik Rhine Franconian Lorraine Franconian Palatine Volga German Pennsylvania Dutch Hessian Central Hessian Amana German
East Central German	Thuringian Upper Saxon Erzgebirgisch Lusatian Silesian German High Prussian Wymysorys Halcnovian

Upper German

North andEast

North

Historical forms	Proto-Norse Old Norse Old West Norse Old East Norse Old Gutnish
West	Norwegian Bergensk Kebabnorsk Sognamål Trøndersk Valdris Vestlandsk Vikværsk Bokmål (written) Nynorsk (written) Old Norwegian Middle Norwegian Faroese Icelandic Old Icelandic Middle Icelandic Greenlandic Norse Norn
East	Swedish Swedish dialects Rinkebysvenska Danish Danish dialects Insular Danish Jutlandic South Jutlandic East Danish Bornholmsk Scanian (historically) Southern Schleswig Danish Gøtudanskt Perkerdansk Old Danish Middle Danish Dalecarlian Elfdalian
Gutnish Mainland Gutnish Fårö Gutnish

East

Gothic
- Crimean Gothic
- Ostrogoth
- Visigoth
- Gepid ?
Burgundian
Vandalic
Herulian ?
Skirian ?

Philology

Language subgroups	North East West Elbe (Irminonic) Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic) North Sea (Ingvaeonic) Northwest Gotho-Nordic South
Reconstructed	Proto-Germanic Proto-Germanic grammar Germanic parent language Ancient Belgian language
Diachronic features	Grimm's law Verner's law Holtzmann's law Sievers's law Kluge's law Germanic substrate hypothesis West Germanic gemination High German consonant shift Germanic a-mutation Germanic umlaut Germanic spirant law Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law Great Vowel Shift
Synchronic features	Germanic verb Germanic strong verb Germanic weak verb Preterite-present verb Grammatischer Wechsel Indo-European ablaut

Italics indicateextinct languages
Languages between parentheses arevarieties of the language on their left.

Authority control databases	GND

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