| Wenchang | |
|---|---|
| 文昌话 | |
| Native to | SouthernChina |
| Region | Wenchang,Hainan |
Early forms | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
| Glottolog | wenc1234 Wenchang |
| Linguasphere | > 79-AAA-kdb 79-AAA-kd > 79-AAA-kdb |
| This article containsIPA phonetic symbols. Without properrendering support, you may seequestion marks, boxes, or other symbols instead ofUnicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, seeHelp:IPA. | |
TheWenchang dialect (simplified Chinese:文昌话;traditional Chinese:文昌話;pinyin:Wénchānghuà) is a dialect ofHainanese spoken inWenchang, acounty-level city in the northeast ofHainan, an island province in southernChina.
It is considered the prestige form of Hainanese, and is used by the provincial broadcasting media.
The initials of the Wenchang dialect are as follows:[4]
| Bilabial | Dental | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stop /Affricate | voiceless | t | tɕ | k | ʔ | |
| voicedimplosive | ɓ | ɗ | ||||
| voiced | b | d | dʑ | g | ||
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||
| Fricative | voiceless | ɸ | s | ɕ | h | |
| voiced | (w) | (j) | ɦ | |||
| Lateral | l | |||||
The semivowels[w] and[j] are incomplementary distribution with[ɦ],and may be treated asallophones of the same phoneme.[5]The voiced stops/d/ and/g/ occur with only about ten words each.[6]
There are five vowels,/i/,/u/,/ɛ/,/ɔ/ and/a/.[7]The high vowels/i/ and/u/ may also occur as medials.[8]
The possible finals are:[9]
| Vocalic codas | Nasal codas | Stop codas | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a 阿 | ai 爱 | au后 | am 暗 | an 安 | aŋ 红 | ap 盒 | at 达 | ak 北 |
| ɛ 下 | ei 事 | eiŋ 英 | eik 益 | |||||
| i 皮 | iu 手 | in 新 | ip 邑 | it 必 | ||||
| ia 写 | iau妖 | iam 念 | iɛn 联 | iaŋ 谁 | iap 狭 | iɛt 捏 | iak 菊 | |
| iɔ 笑 | iom心 | iɔŋ 用 | iop 涩 | iɔk 育 | ||||
| ɔ 歌 | ɔi 鞋 | ou 侯 | ɔm 栾 | ɔn 春 | ɔŋ 公 | ɔp 合 | ɔt 黜 | ɔk 乐 |
| u 有 | ui 气 | un 轮 | ut 脫 | |||||
| ua 娃 | uai 快 | uan 湾 | uaŋ 广 | uat挖 | uak 廓 | |||
| ue 话 | ||||||||
| m̩ 毋 | ŋ̍ 嗯 | |||||||
The Wenchang dialect has six tones on isolated syllabes:[10]
| level (píng 平) | rising (shàng 上) | departing (qù 去) | entering (rù 入) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| upper (yīn 阴) | ˦ | ʔ˨˩ | ˩ | ʔ˥˩ |
| lower (yáng 阳) | ˧ | ʔ˦˨ | ||
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