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Former names | Wells Seminary (1868–1870) |
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| Motto | Habere et Dispertire |
Motto in English | "To have and to share" |
| Type | Privateliberal arts college |
| Active | 1868 (1868)–2024 (2024) |
| Founder | Henry Wells |
| Endowment | $28.8 million (2022) |
| President | Susan Henking |
Academic staff | 38 (2024–2024) |
| Students | 357 (2024–2024) |
| Location | ,, United States 42°44′43″N76°41′53″W / 42.7452°N 76.6980°W /42.7452; -76.6980 |
| Campus | Rural, 127 acres (51 ha) |
| Colors | Red, white, and black |
| Nickname | The Express |
Sporting affiliations | NCAA Division III –AMCC (2023–2024) |
| Website | www |
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Wells College was aprivateliberal arts college inAurora, New York, United States. From its founding in 1868 until it becamecoeducational in 2005, Wells was awomen's college. The college's campus, set on the shore ofCayuga Lake, remains a part of theAurora Village–Wells College Historic District and is listed on theNational Register of Historic Places.
Henry Wells, a co-founder of bothWells Fargo & Company andAmerican Express Company, established Wells College in 1868 asWells Seminary, stating that the promotion of higher education for women was his life's dream. After operating for over 150 years, in 2024, it was announced that the college would be closing at the end of the spring semester. It ceased operations effective June 30, 2024, with administrators citing financial challenges. In 2025,Hobart and William Smith Colleges were announced as Wells' legacy partner, who will maintain the closed college's records and endowment.
Wells College was established byHenry Wells in 1868 as Wells Seminary, awomen's college. Henry Wells was a co-founder of bothWells Fargo & Company andAmerican Express Company, and he established the seminary in pursuit of promotinghigher education for women, a goal which he called "the dream of my life". Wells, with support from benefactors includingEdwin B. Morgan, founded the college on a plot of land adjacent to his villa, Glen Park, inAurora,Cayuga County, New York;[1][2] he also rejected an offer fromEzra Cornell to merge their two newly-established colleges.[a] In 1875, Wells stated in an address that he founded the college with the hope it would "always be conducted on trulyChristian principles".[3] On March 28, 1868, the college was incorporated by theNew York State Legislature for the purpose of "promoting the higher education of young women inliterature, science and the arts". In 1870, the seminary's name was changed to Wells College.[4] Over its first ten years, the college's enrollment grew from 34 to 170 students.[1]
Frances Folsom, born inBuffalo before attending Wells, graduated in 1885 and married then–U.S. PresidentGrover Cleveland the next year, becoming at the time the youngest woman to serve asFirst Lady. During her time as a student at Wells, social codes regarding correspondence were strictly enforced; nonetheless, Cleveland had received permission to write her and did so to propose their romantic relationship.[5] In 1887, she joined the college's board of trustees, and served in her position for over 50 years.[6]
In August 1888, the college's main building was destroyed in a fire.[7] Its replacement was planned by architectWilliam Henry Miller and rebuilt over the two years following the fire.[8][9]
An 1890 volume byW. T. Harris named nine women's colleges that offered an educational quality on par with coeducational andmen's colleges; Wells was listed among them, alongsideBryn Mawr College,Elmira College,Ingham University,Mount Holyoke College,Rutgers Female College,Smith College,Vassar College, andWellesley College.[10]
In the mid-1960s, Wells College was included in the Finger Lakes Colleges Computing Center, later the Finger Lakes Area Computing Center, a computing center born out of aNational Science Foundation grant awarded toCornell University. The project utilizedtime-sharing of anIBM 360/67 between colleges and high schools in upstate New York, and, although the 360/67 system did not meet its high expectations, access to the computing center allowed Wells and the other member institutions to make progress on installing their own computing infrastructure.[11]
In October 2004, the Wells College board of trustees convened to consider changing the college to acoeducational institution. When the college's 18 trustees arrived on campus to deliberate, over 100 people staged a protest to block the paths and urge the trustees to vote against the change. The college stated that they were considering becoming coeducational to attract more students and combat "enrollment challenges"[12] that posed a risk to the college's finances. After the board president announced on October 2 that Wells would become coeducational the following fall, over 100 students organized asit-in to protest the resolution and the lack of student, alumni, and parent involvement in the decision.[13] Multiple alumni, as well as students from other women's colleges, joined the multi-day sit-in,[14] inspired by prior protests atMills College.[15] Despite the sit-in and letters from over a dozen parents, a university spokesperson stated later in the month that the board would not reconsider its position on the matter.[16]
After the board reaffirmed its decision to move ahead with coeducation, students filed a lawsuit against the college, which the courts rejected. A judge refusing to block the transition stated he chose not to "second-guess" the trustees' decision and did not want to be responsible for any "annihilation" of the college.[17][18] According to theAssociated Press, "several" students chose to transfer following the decision.[19]
It was projected in May 2005 that the "inaugural coed class will include at least 21 males".[19] In the fall of 2005, campus enrollment was made up of 383 women and 33 men, for a total of 416.[20]The Post-Standard reported on the first day of classes that Wells opened "without problems".[21] By 2007, Wells' total enrollment had grown to 574, of which approximately 75 percent were female.[22]
In June 2019, Wells College'saccreditor, theMiddle States Commission on Higher Education (MSCHE), placed the college on probation for its "[inability] to demonstrate compliance with the Commission’s standards for accreditation and requirements of affiliation".[23] The college's accreditation had last been reaffirmed in 2014, but in their 2019 report the MSCHE stated that Wells' accreditation was in jeopardy for providing "insufficient evidence" for their compliance with the "Planning, Resources, and Institutional Improvement" standard.[1]
In May 2020, the president of Wells College,Jonathan Gibralter, sent a series of letters to the students, faculty, and staff members of the college, warning the community that financial issuesrelated to theCOVID-19 pandemic threatened the college's future. He wrote: "If New York State continues its mandate that our campus remain closed through all or part of the [2020] fall semester, Wells simply will not receive enough revenue to continue operations."[24][25] Additionally, with about 15% of Wells' operating revenue coming from thestudy abroad program inFlorence, Italy, that it administered, COVID-19 travel restrictions cut off a portion of the college's revenue.[26] The college, at the time, enrolled 414 students.[27]
In June 2021, Wells' accreditation was reaffirmed by the MSCHE.[1][28] A year later, an auditor's report said that on June 30, 2022, Wells College'sendowment totaled a value of 28.8 million dollars.[29] Its enrollment that school year was 342 students.[27]
When upstate New York private collegesCazenovia College andMedaille University both closed in 2023, Wells became ateach-out partner, accepting transfer students from the two institutions in an effort to allow them to complete their studies.[30]
In April 2024, the college's president and board chair announced that the Wells would close at the end of the spring 2024 semester due to "financial challenges ... exacerbated by a global pandemic, a shrinking pool of undergraduate students nationwide, inflationary pressures, and an overall negative sentiment towards higher education". The public announcement, posted April 29, stated that the college would close at the end of the spring semester.[31][32] In 2023–2024, the college's final academic year, Wells enrolled 357 students and employed 38 faculty members.[27][33][b]
One June 20, 2024, college president Jonathan Gibralter left the institution.[35] On June 30, the same day its accreditation expired,[36] Wells College ceased its operations and closed.[37]The Post-Standard summarized the closure reasons as "the college ran out of students and money". TheNew York State Department of Labor announced that 141 workers of the college's 165 total employees would be affected by worker adjustment and retraining.[38] On July 1 ,Susan Henking was appointed president to oversee the closure.[39]
While it was originally announced alongside the closure itself thatManhattanville University inPurchase, New York, would maintain the college's transcripts, business records, and other important artifacts, in June 2025 the Wells College Board of Trustees entered into a legacy agreement withHobart and William Smith College.[40][41] As part of that agreement, books, records and other items from Wells College would be held at Hobart and William Smith, artworks would be transferred, and greenspace would be named in honor of the former college.
In January 2026, the Wells College Board of Trustees accepted a bid from the Hiawatha Institute for Indigenous Knowledge to purchase the college's campus.[42] The Hiawatha Institute intends to establish a two-year college using approximately 20% of the campus and to lease the remainder as apartments or commercial space to generate revenue.[43]
Wells College students had the option tocross-register for classes at other institutions as part of an inter-college exchange program. Wells' partners in the program wereCornell University,Ithaca College, andCayuga Community College.[44] In its 2024 rankings,U.S. News & World Report ranked Wells at 146th amongnational liberal arts colleges.[45]
Wells College had several study abroad programs, most notably inFlorence, Italy. It had also created centers insustainability, business and entrepreneurship, andbook arts. Additionally, undergraduate students were required to participate in at least two internships during their time at Wells, one of which had to be off-campus.[citation needed]
Wells had anhonor code to which all students subscribed. By signing the Honor Code, Wells students pledged "not to lie, cheat, steal, deceive, or conceal in the conduct of their collegiate life".[46] Wells allowed students to have take-home exams and to work in their residence hall rooms, at the library, or on the dock by the lake, rather than only in classrooms.[citation needed]
Wells College, nicknamed The Express, competed as a member of theNational Collegiate Athletic Association at theDivision III level. Their school colors were red, white, and black.[47] Historically,cardinal andscarlet were used as specific shades of red for Wells'academic costume.[48]
As a member of the Private College Athletic Conference throughout the late 1970s and early 1980s, theExpress sports teams of the college captured four consecutive conference championships in women's tennis (1977–78, 1978–79, 1979–80, 1980–81).[49] They also won titles in women's bowling (1978–79, 1979–80). Wells, which officially became anNCAA Division III institution prior to the 1986–87 athletic season, joined theAtlantic Women's Colleges Conference (AWCC) prior to the 1996–97 athletic season. In 1996, the Wells women's soccer team captured the school's only AWCC championship title. At the time, Wells offered six intercollegiate athletic sports: field hockey, softball, women's lacrosse, women's soccer, women's swimming and women's tennis.
In 2005, as part of the Board of Trustees' decision to accept men to the traditionally all-women's college, Wells incorporated men's soccer, men's swimming, and men's and women's cross country into their athletic cadre.
Prior to the 2007–08 academic year, the Express teams were invited to join theNorth Eastern Athletic Conference (NEAC) and compete against 14 other schools in the East Region. In joining the NEAC, Wells competed for conference championships and the opportunity to receive an automatic qualifier to participate in theNCAA tournament in select sports. Ultimately, Wells captured six conference championships in the NEAC. Men's swimming won the first league title in 2009–10,[50] and earned a second title in 2012–13. Women's swimming have won three consecutive conference championships, during the 2011–12, 2012–13, and 2013–14 seasons.[51] Men's basketball won the NEAC championship in 2010–11 and was the first team from Wells to participate in the NCAA Tournament.
In the 2018–19 season, the Wells men's volleyball team made it to the Elite 8 (Quarterfinals) in the NCAA Division III Men's Volleyball Tournament before falling toStevens Institute of Technology. In the 2019–20 season, the Wells College women's swim team won first place in the NEAC swimming championships. In 2021, the NEAC rebranded and became the United East Conference. For the next two athletic seasons, Wells was a member of the United East. In 2022, theAllegheny Mountain Collegiate Conference and Wells announced the Express would become full-time members at the start of the 2023–24 school year.
As of the 2021–22 athletic season, Wells offered 15 NCAA Division III varsity sports, including field hockey, men's and women's basketball, men's and women's lacrosse, men's and women's soccer, men's and women's swimming, men's and women's volleyball, men's and women's cross country, softball, and baseball.[52] Athletics were offered with half a PE (physical education) credit earned for each season completed.[53]
On April 29, 2024 the college announced its closure. Despite the uncertain time, Wells athletics had a successful spring season in their lone season in the AMCC. The baseball team finished with a 19–18 overall record, while just missing the AMCC tournament by a game. The women's lacrosse team capped off the final season in program history winning the AMCC championship and regular-season title. The Express finished the season 16–1 overall and 6–0 in conference play. Wells hosted the semifinals and championship rounds. On May 4, the Express defeated Mt. Aloysius to win the AMCC title by a score of 19–6 in what was the final sporting event in Wells College history, fitting for an institution that was founded as a women's college. Despite winning their conference tournament, the Express did not get a bid to the NCAA Division III Women's Lacrosse Tournament; the AMCC was not an automatic qualifying conference, because it had only four teams competing. Between the baseball and women's lacrosse teams, the Express accumulated a plethora of all-conference selections during the final spring 2024 season.
The campus of Wells College spanned 127 acres[c] in therural setting of Aurora,[1] a village inCayuga County, New York, on the eastern shore ofCayuga Lake, one of theFinger Lakes.
The Louis Jefferson Long Library on the Wells College campus was completed in 1968 and had been designed byWalter Netsch, an example of a building employing his architectural Field Theory. Netsch was a member of the architecture firmSOM, which also designed the Barler Music Hall and Campbell Art Building.[57]
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