| Weill Cornell Medical Center | |
|---|---|
| NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital | |
 | |
 Weill Cornell Medical Center's campus in 2021 | |
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| Geography | |
| Location | 525 East 68th Street,New York City,NY, U.S. |
| Coordinates | 40°45′53″N73°57′14″W / 40.764690°N 73.953960°W /40.764690; -73.953960 |
| Organisation | |
| Care system | Non-profit |
| Type | Teaching |
| Affiliated university | Weill Cornell Medicine (Cornell University) |
| Services | |
| Emergency department | Level I Adult Trauma Center / Level II Pediatric Trauma Center[1] |
| Beds | 862 in currentUpper East Side location[2] |
| History | |
| Opened | 1771; 255 years ago (1771) |
| Links | |
| Website | weill |
| Lists | Hospitals in U.S. |
Weill Cornell Medical Center (/waɪl/; previously known asNew York Hospital,[3]Old New York Hospital, andCity Hospital) is a research hospital inNew York City. It is theteaching hospital forCornell University'smedical school and is part ofNewYork-Presbyterian Hospital.
The hospital was founded in 1771 with a charter fromGeorge III. It is the second-oldest hospital inNew York City and third-oldest hospital in the United States. Since 1912, it has been the main teaching hospital forWeill Cornell Medicine, thebiomedical research unit andmedical school of Cornell University.[4]
Weill Cornell is located on East 68th Street andYork Avenue on theUpper East Side of New York City. Prior to moving there in 1932, it was located onBroadway between Duane Street and Anthony Street on present-dayWorth Street.[5][6][7] In 1998, New York Hospital merged withPresbyterian Hospital to formNewYork-Presbyterian Hospital.
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The hospital's origin can be traced to a 1769 commencement address bySamuel Bard, a graduate of theUniversity of Edinburgh Medical School and professor of medicine, which was delivered to the first two medical doctors to graduate from King's College, nowColumbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, titled “A discourse upon the duties of a physician, with some sentiments on the usefulness and necessity of a public hospital.” New York City leaders later pledged one thousand pounds sterling to the hospital's creation.[8]
Later the same year, on November 3, 1769, Peter Middleton reported on progress with the hospital's creation in another address to King's College, stating “the necessity and usefulness of a public infirmary has so warmly and pathetically set forth in a discourse delivered by Dr. Samuel Bard... that his Excellency,Sir Henry Moore immediately set on foot a subscription for that purpose to which himself and most of the gentlemen present liberally contributed.”[9] Soon thereafter, the new Governor of the Colony,John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore through the interposition of Lieutenant GovernorCadwallader Colden started a fund for the establishment of such a hospital.[10]
On June 13, 1771,King George III of Great Britain granted a royal charter to establish "The Society of the New York Hospital in the City of New York in America" and a Board of Governors for the "reception of such patients as require medical treatment, chirurgical management and maniacs."[11] The first regular meeting of the Governors after its organization was held on July 24, 1771, atFraunces Tavern, the same location where General Washington would bid farewell to his officers on December 4, 1783.[12]
Attending the first meeting were then hospital president John Watts,Philip Livingston, and Gerardus William Beekman.[13] The Governors purchased 5 acres (2.0 ha) in 1771, on elevated ground surrounded at the time on three sides by marshes.[12] The location was several miles from the central part of New York; apparently the expansion of the city and the drainage of the marshes, which harbored malaria, was anticipated.
A building's construction began in 1773 but was destroyed by fire before its completion. TheAmerican Revolutionary War delayed the building's reconstruction but a partial structure onBroadway and Duane Street served as a barracks forHessian andBritish Army soldiers, as a laboratory for teaching anatomy to medical students, and as a military hospital.[14]
Although initially ignored by the wider community, grave-robbing incidents in the 1780s were met with public outrage after medical students – who were taking the corpses in order to dissect them for anatomical study – turned from stealing from the"Negroes Burying Ground" to the more closely-located, and white,Trinity Churchyard. This provoked a raid on the university, an attack on the student perpetrators, andthe "doctors' riot" of 1788.[15]
The hospital opened on January 3, 1791.[16] Initially it was a small, two-story H-shaped building located along the west side ofBroadway between present dayWorth and Duane streets, set back from the street frontage about 90 feet to allow for landscaping and expansion.[17] The hospital's first patients were suffering fromsmallpox,syphilis, and acutebipolar disorder. In 1798, the hospital's governors announced the hospital's priorities as medical treatment, surgical treatment, psychiatric treatment of the medically ill (then called "maniacs"), and post-partum treatment of women.[12]
After some years of experience in treating thementally ill, the hospital's board of governors decided to construct an additional building designed to specialize in treatment of the mentally ill. After receiving financial assistance from the New York state legislator, the governors erected "a substantial and spacious stone edifice on the grounds of the hospital in the city, within the same enclosure, and but a few rods distant from the original building. It was finished and opened on July 15, 1808. On the same day, 19 patients were moved to it from wards in other buildings and 48 total patients were admitted. The new department was called the Lunatic Asylum.
In June 1821, the hospital opened theBloomingdale Insane Asylum on Broadway andWest 116th Street inMorningside Heights.[18] Due to real estate pressures, the hospital moved toWhite Plains, New York in 1891,[19] where it eventually became thePayne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic, now known as "New York-Presbyterian/Westchester". The Morningside Heights site became part ofColumbia University.[19]
New York Hospital outgrew its original building by the 1870s and moved to a new building betweenFifth andSixth Avenues andWest 15th and16th Streets, which opened in 1877. The original facility was maintained as a 'house of relief', which moved toHudson Street in 1884.[5]
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In 1912, New York Hospital became affiliated with theCornell University Medical College.
In 1932, the hospital moved to a new location as a joint facility, theNew York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, now Weill Cornell Medical Center, onYork Avenue betweenEast 67th and68th Streets.
In 1998, New York Hospital merged administratively withPresbyterian Hospital to becomeNewYork–Presbyterian Hospital (NYP). Despite the clinical alliance, the faculty and instructional functions of theCornell andColumbia medical school units remain largely distinct and independent. Each hospital in theNewYork–Presbyterian Healthcare System is affiliated with one of the two colleges.
The York Avenue site functions as one of the six NYP campuses.[5]
In 2005, Komansky Children's Hospital was established at Weill Cornell Medical Center through philanthropic giving from American finance executiveDavid Komansky for whom the hospital is named.
Komansky Children's Hospital is a pediatric acute care hospital located within Weill Cornell Medical Center. The hospital has 103 beds[20] and is affiliated withWeill Cornell Medicine and is a member ofNew York-Presbyterian Hospital. The hospital provides comprehensive pediatric specialties and subspecialties to pediatric patients aged 0–21 throughoutNew York City.
The hospital is certified as a Level II Trauma Center and houses the only pediatric burn unit in theNew York City Metropolitan Area.[21] Komansky Children's Hospital is a full-servicepediatric hospital within a hospital and has been routinely listed byU.S. News & World Report's as one of the nation's best children's hospitals. It is one of only ten children's hospitals in the nation to be ranked byU.S. News & World Report in all ten clinical specialties.
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