Weihai 威海市 | |
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 Weihai skyline with the Gate of Happiness  City hall of Weihai  Cape Chengshan | |
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 Weihai City in Shandong | |
  Weihai Location in China | |
| Coordinates (Weihai municipal government):37°30′48″N122°07′14″E / 37.5133°N 122.1205°E /37.5133; 122.1205 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Province | Shandong |
| County-level divisions | 4 |
| Township-level divisions | 66 |
| Municipal seat | Huancui District |
| Government | |
| • CCP Secretary | Yan Jianbo (闫剑波) |
| • Mayor | Kong Fanping (孔凡萍) |
| Area | |
| 5,956 km2 (2,300 sq mi) | |
| • Water | 15.98 km2 (6.17 sq mi) 0.2756% |
| • Urban | 2,605.9 km2 (1,006.1 sq mi) |
| • Metro | 776.7 km2 (299.9 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 44 m (145 ft) |
| Highest elevation | 418 m (1,371 ft) |
| Lowest elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Population (2020 census)[2] | |
| 2,906,548 | |
| • Density | 488.0/km2 (1,264/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 1,728,259 |
| • Urban density | 663.21/km2 (1,717.7/sq mi) |
| • Metro | 1,164,730 |
| • Metro density | 1,500/km2 (3,884/sq mi) |
| GDP[3] | |
| • Prefecture-level city | CN¥ 364 billion US$ 55 billion |
| • Per capita | CN¥ 128,774 US$ 19,460 |
| Time zone | UTC+08:00 (China Standard) |
| Area code | 631 |
| ISO 3166 code | CN-SD-10 |
| License Plate Prefix | 鲁K |
| Administrative division code | 371000 |
| Website | www.weihai.gov.cn |
| City Flower:Sweet Osmanthus,Osmanthus fragrans City Tree: Silk Tree,Albizia julibrissin | |
Weihai (Chinese:威海;pinyin:Wēihǎi), formerlyWeihaiwei (Chinese:威海卫;pinyin:Wēihǎiwèi;lit. 'Mighty Sea Fort'), is aprefecture-level city and major seaport city in the easternmostShandong province of China. It bordersYantai to the west and theYellow Sea to the east, and is the closest mainland Chinese city toSouth Korea (specifically,Chengshan toYeonpyeongdo).
Compared with the 2,804,771 people in the2010 Chinese census, there has been a total increase of 101,777 people over the past decade, an increase of 3.63%, with an average annual growth rate of 0.36%.[4][5] Weihai's population was 2,906,548 as of the2020 Chinese census, of whom 1,164,730 lived in the current built-up (or metro) area of (Huancui District) even thoughWendeng district to the south with 563,529 inhabitants is soon being conurbated. There are two county-level cities within Weihai;Rongcheng had a built up area with 714,211 inhabitants, whileRushan had 464,078 inhabitants in 2020.[6]
Prehistorically, it was inhabited byDongyi tribes,[7] and it was annexed intoChina proper by the state ofQi in 567 B.C.
In 221 BCE, duringQin Shi Huang's reign, he implemented the commandery-county system in former six-country area. The area of the present-day city first belonged toQi Commandery and later toJiaodong Commandery, under the jurisdiction of Chui County. TheRecords of the Grand Historian records: In the 28th year, the First Emperortraveled east to inspect the commanderies and counties." InHan dynasty, it was underDonglai Commandery.
Before the 14th century, Weihai was a minor fishing settlement. In 1398, during theMing dynasty, it became a military stronghold (wei), under the nameWeihaiwei, to defend against raids by thewokou. The fortification at Weihai was constructed in 1403, and contained walls almost 2 miles (3.2 km) in circumference.[8]
During the Ming dynasty, the area was part ofDeng Prefecture under the Shandong Provincial Administration, with two counties established—Wendeng and Rongcheng. In 1643, Qing troops advanced from theLiaodong coastal route and captured Ninghai Prefecture. In 1735, Chengshan Garrison was abolished and reorganized as Rongcheng County, with its seat located at present-day Chengshanwei inRongcheng City, under the jurisdiction of Deng Prefecture. At the same time, Weihai and Jinghai Garrisons were abolished and incorporated into Wendeng County.
Weihaiwei was the base for theBeiyang Fleet during the lateQing Dynasty. In 1895, the Japanese captured it in theBattle of Weihaiwei, which is regarded as the last major battle of theFirst Sino-Japanese War. The Japanese then evacuated Weihaiwei on 24 May 1898, after which it was occupied by the British.[9]
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The core of Weihai (nowHuancui District) wasruled by the British from 1 July 1898 to 1930 under a lease agreement with the Chinese empire, withPort Edward (the center of the original Weihai city, now inHuancui District) serving as the capital.[8] ARoyal Navy base was built onLiugong Island.
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Weihaiwei became an integral part of China after it was returned to theRepublic of China on 1 October 1930,[10][11] but Liugong Island and its facilities were leased back to theU.K. until 1940.[9]
Weihaiwei was occupied by the Japanese from 1938 to 1945.[12] Most British forces and supplies were withdrawn from Liugong Island, and finally a Japanese military landing and occupation of the island in 1940.[13]
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The region was formally incorporated into Shandong province on 10 May 1945.[12] In 1949, Weihaiwei City was established, and its name was shortened to Weihai after theCommunist revolution.
In May 1950, the Wendeng Special District was established, administering eight counties: Weihai,Rongcheng,Wendeng, Kunyu,Rushan,Haiyang,Muping, andFushan. In February 1956, the Wendeng District was abolished, and the present-day Weihai area was placed under the jurisdiction of the Laiyang District. In October 1958, the Laiyang District was reorganized as the Yantai District, which was renamed the Yantai Prefecture in February 1967, with the present-day Weihai area under its administration.
On June 15, 1987, separated from Yantai, Weihai was elevated to aprefecture-level city, with the former county-level Weihai City designated asHuancui District. The three counties ofRongcheng,Wendeng, andRushan placed under the administration of Weihai City.
Since 2003, a replica of theChinese battleshipDingyuan has been anchored here as amuseum ship and memorial for Chinese veterans of theFirst Sino-Japanese War.[14]
Theprefecture-level city of Weihai administers fourcounty-level divisions, including twodistricts and twocounty-level cities. Weihai City has jurisdiction over two districts and two cities: Huancui District, Wendeng District, Rongcheng City, and Rushan City (Weihai Torch High tech Industrial Development Zone, Weihai Economic and Technological Development Zone, and Weihai Lingang Economic and Technological Development Zone are national level development zones, Weihai Nanhai Economic Development Zone is a provincial-level development zone, and the Development Zone Management Committee is a dispatched agency of the municipal government), with a total of 48 towns, 24 street offices, 2373 village committees, and 390 resident committees.[15]
| Map | ||
|---|---|---|
| Subdivision | Chinese | Pinyin |
| Huancui District | 环翠区 | Huáncuì Qū |
| Wendeng District | 文登区 | Wéndēng Qū |
| Rongcheng City | 荣成市 | Róngchéng Shì |
| Rushan City | 乳山市 | Rǔshān Shì |
These are further divided into 66township-level divisions, including 52towns and 14subdistricts.
Weihai is located on the northeastern shore of Shandong; its administrative area includesChengshantou [zh] (成山头), the easternmost tip of theShandong Peninsula (Shantung Peninsula). The city is surrounded by sea on three sides; its port is protected byLiugong Island.
Weihai experiences acontinental climate, and it is climactically influenced by the surroundingYellow Sea and theSiberian high.Weihai City is located in the mid latitudes and belongs to the northern temperate monsoon continental climate, with significant seasonal changes and monsoon advance and retreat. Compared with inland areas at the same latitude, it has the characteristics of abundant rainfall, moderate annual temperature, and mild climate.[16] Springtime warming and autumn cooling are delayed by one month, winds are generally high, and the average diurnal temperature variation throughout the year is small—at only 6.5 °C (11.7 °F). Winters are cold and dry, but still warmer than inland regions at the same latitude; the average temperature in January is −0.5 °C (31.1 °F). Summers are hot and humid, but much cooler than inland regions at similar latitude like theNorth China Plain (for about 5~10 °C) and August averages 25.3 °C (77.5 °F); the annual mean is 13.1 °C (55.6 °F). More than two-thirds of the annual precipitation occurs from June to September, and there are nearly 2,508.5 hours of sunshine per year.
| Climate data for Weihai, elevation 65 m (213 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1971–2000) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.6 (56.5) | 19.8 (67.6) | 23.4 (74.1) | 29.6 (85.3) | 34.2 (93.6) | 38.4 (101.1) | 37.4 (99.3) | 35.4 (95.7) | 33.7 (92.7) | 30.4 (86.7) | 24.0 (75.2) | 18.0 (64.4) | 38.4 (101.1) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.3 (36.1) | 4.5 (40.1) | 9.8 (49.6) | 16.7 (62.1) | 22.6 (72.7) | 26.1 (79.0) | 28.4 (83.1) | 28.4 (83.1) | 25.0 (77.0) | 19.3 (66.7) | 12.2 (54.0) | 5.2 (41.4) | 16.7 (62.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −0.5 (31.1) | 1.1 (34.0) | 5.7 (42.3) | 12.2 (54.0) | 18.1 (64.6) | 22.0 (71.6) | 24.9 (76.8) | 25.3 (77.5) | 21.8 (71.2) | 16.0 (60.8) | 8.9 (48.0) | 2.2 (36.0) | 13.1 (55.7) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −2.8 (27.0) | −1.6 (29.1) | 2.5 (36.5) | 8.4 (47.1) | 14.2 (57.6) | 18.7 (65.7) | 22.2 (72.0) | 22.8 (73.0) | 19.2 (66.6) | 13.1 (55.6) | 6.1 (43.0) | −0.2 (31.6) | 10.2 (50.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −12.3 (9.9) | −13.2 (8.2) | −8.6 (16.5) | −1.2 (29.8) | 5.7 (42.3) | 10.7 (51.3) | 14.4 (57.9) | 15.3 (59.5) | 7.5 (45.5) | 0.8 (33.4) | −7.4 (18.7) | −11.3 (11.7) | −13.2 (8.2) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 13.9 (0.55) | 16.0 (0.63) | 18.3 (0.72) | 37.0 (1.46) | 52.9 (2.08) | 66.3 (2.61) | 160.7 (6.33) | 166.3 (6.55) | 72.4 (2.85) | 32.1 (1.26) | 32.5 (1.28) | 26.2 (1.03) | 694.6 (27.35) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 6.4 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 10.8 | 10.0 | 6.7 | 5.7 | 7.0 | 8.9 | 85.1 |
| Average snowy days | 11.0 | 6.5 | 2.3 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.2 | 3.3 | 10.8 | 34.2 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 60 | 57 | 54 | 53 | 58 | 70 | 80 | 80 | 69 | 61 | 61 | 61 | 64 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 159.1 | 179.6 | 233.2 | 245.7 | 273.5 | 245.8 | 205.2 | 220.7 | 225.4 | 215.6 | 164.2 | 140.5 | 2,508.5 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 52 | 59 | 63 | 62 | 62 | 56 | 46 | 53 | 61 | 63 | 54 | 47 | 57 |
| Source 1:China Meteorological Administration[17][18] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Weather China[19] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Chengshantou, Rongcheng, elevation 48 m (157 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 9.9 (49.8) | 16.2 (61.2) | 25.2 (77.4) | 24.3 (75.7) | 29.2 (84.6) | 31.4 (88.5) | 32.0 (89.6) | 31.1 (88.0) | 31.7 (89.1) | 26.1 (79.0) | 20.8 (69.4) | 15.2 (59.4) | 32.0 (89.6) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.3 (36.1) | 3.3 (37.9) | 7.0 (44.6) | 12.1 (53.8) | 17.6 (63.7) | 21.4 (70.5) | 24.4 (75.9) | 26.3 (79.3) | 24.0 (75.2) | 18.8 (65.8) | 12.0 (53.6) | 5.3 (41.5) | 14.5 (58.2) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) | 0.8 (33.4) | 4.1 (39.4) | 8.8 (47.8) | 14.2 (57.6) | 18.4 (65.1) | 21.8 (71.2) | 23.9 (75.0) | 21.8 (71.2) | 16.4 (61.5) | 9.5 (49.1) | 2.9 (37.2) | 11.9 (53.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −1.9 (28.6) | −1.2 (29.8) | 1.9 (35.4) | 6.5 (43.7) | 11.4 (52.5) | 15.9 (60.6) | 19.6 (67.3) | 21.9 (71.4) | 19.8 (67.6) | 14.4 (57.9) | 7.3 (45.1) | 0.8 (33.4) | 9.7 (49.4) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −11.4 (11.5) | −11.7 (10.9) | −6.6 (20.1) | −0.4 (31.3) | 4.9 (40.8) | 10.2 (50.4) | 15.0 (59.0) | 17.0 (62.6) | 10.4 (50.7) | 1.3 (34.3) | −5.0 (23.0) | −8.7 (16.3) | −11.7 (10.9) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 9.2 (0.36) | 14.0 (0.55) | 17.9 (0.70) | 38.7 (1.52) | 57.9 (2.28) | 65.4 (2.57) | 171.2 (6.74) | 134.2 (5.28) | 68.6 (2.70) | 30.0 (1.18) | 31.8 (1.25) | 21.3 (0.84) | 660.2 (25.97) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 5.0 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 6.1 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 12.6 | 9.3 | 6.0 | 5.3 | 6.7 | 7.5 | 83.7 |
| Average snowy days | 8.9 | 4.9 | 1.7 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 2.6 | 8.7 | 26.9 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 65 | 68 | 71 | 73 | 77 | 88 | 93 | 89 | 75 | 65 | 65 | 65 | 75 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 172.2 | 185.5 | 230.9 | 231.5 | 245.2 | 203.3 | 162.0 | 216.3 | 230.6 | 219.8 | 166.8 | 146.9 | 2,411 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 56 | 60 | 62 | 59 | 56 | 46 | 36 | 52 | 63 | 64 | 55 | 50 | 55 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[20][21] | |||||||||||||
Weihai is acommercial port and majorfishing center with somelight industries. Due to its close proximity to South Korea, Weihai also has a large Korean business community and receives many Korean tourists.In recent years, Weihai has vigorously implemented its urban internationalization strategy and deepened its opening-up and cooperation with South Korea in all aspects according to the concept of "three exchanges, four ports, and five connections", becoming a model for local exchanges and cooperation between China and South Korea.[22] Weihai is also a key production area for peanuts and fruit. Weihai has a good industrial foundation. A complete production system has been basically formed, with mechanical, electronic, chemical, building materials, light industry, textile and other industries as the pillars, and plastic, silk, medicine, food, arts and crafts and other industries as the backbone.[23]
Weihai Economic & Technological Development Zone is a state-level development zone approved by theState Council on 21 October 1992. The administrative area has an area of 194 km2 (75 sq mi), including the programmed area of 36 km2 (14 sq mi) and an initial area of 11.88 km2 (4.59 sq mi). The built-up area covers 42.3 square kilometers, governs 2 towns, 3 streets, 30 administrative villages and 50 communities, with a registered residence population of 175000 and a permanent population of 300000.[24] Its nearest port is Weihai Port, and the airport closest to the zone is Dashuibo Airport.[25]
Weihai Export Processing Zone (EPZ) was set up by the approval of the State Council on 27 April 2000. Weihai EPZ is located in Weihai Economic & Technological Development Zone with programmed area of 2.6 km2 (1.0 sq mi). Weihai EPZ belongs to comprehensive export & processing zone. The EPZ is located 30 km (19 mi) from Weihai Airport, 3 km (1.9 mi) to Weihai Railway Station and 4 km (2.5 mi) from Weihai Harbor.[26] As a new frontier of opening up to the outside world, the processing zone has focused on developing five major industries: electronic information industry, precision machinery manufacturing, biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry, new materials, and food processing industry.[27]
Weihai Torch Hi-Tech Science Park is a state-level development zone approved by the State Council in March 1991. Located in Weihai's northwest zone of culture, education and science, the Park has the total area of 111.9 km2 (43.2 sq mi), a coastline of 30.5 km (19.0 mi) and 150,000 residents. It is 3 km (1.9 mi) away from the city center, 4 km (2.5 mi) away from Weihai Port, 10 km (6.2 mi) away from Weihai Railway Station, 30 km (19 mi) away from Weihai Airport and 80 km (50 mi) away from Yantai Airport.[28]
Weihai Dashuipo International Airport serves the city with regular service to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou,Harbin domestically and the South Korean airport ofSeoul–Incheon, as the fourth busiest airport in Shandong following Qingdao, Jinan and Yantai.
Qingdao–Rongcheng intercity railway offers the high-speed rail services directly to Shanghai Hongqiao, Beijing South, Jinan, Jimo North (Qingdao North soon) and Yantai, with five rail stations, Weihai, Weihai North, Wendeng, Wendeng East and Rongcheng.
Weihai Station is a first-class station in Weihai City, Shandong Province, and also the terminal station of Taowei Railway. It receives and sends more than 3000 passengers every day.[29]
As for conventional rail services, TheK8262 train depart every day at and 10:18 PM respectively forJinan, the provincial capital, theK412 goes directly to Beijing at 8:54 PM, and the No.K1068 train leaves at 9:38 AM forHankou, one of the three railway stations ofWuhan,Hubei. Internally, the city is served by more than 50 bus routes.
Campuses ofShandong University,Harbin Institute of Technology,Beijing Jiaotong University,Harbin University of Science and Technology, as well as Shandong Jiaotong University are located in Weihai.
Secondary schools
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