Captain Washington Irving Chambers | |
|---|---|
 Captain Washington Irving Chambers | |
| Nickname | "the Father of Naval Aviation" |
| Born | (1856-04-04)April 4, 1856 |
| Died | September 23, 1934(1934-09-23) (aged 78) |
| Place of burial | |
| Allegiance |  United States of America |
| Branch |  United States Navy |
| Service years | 1876–1919 |
| Rank |  Captain |
| Commands | |
| Conflicts | Spanish–American War Philippines – Moro Rebellion Cuban Pacification World War I |
| Relations | CAPT Irving Reynolds Chambers, USN (1893-1979), (son) |
CaptainWashington Irving Chambers, USN (April 4, 1856 – September 23, 1934) was a 43-year, careerUnited States Navy officer, who near the end of his service played a major role in the early development of U.S.Naval aviation, serving as the first officer to have oversight of the Navy's incipient aviation program through theBureau of Navigation. In that capacity from 1910 to 1913, he consulted and worked with early civil aviation pioneersOrville Wright andGlenn Curtiss; organized the first airplane landing (1911) and takeoff (1910) from a ship in collaboration with pioneer aviatorEugene Ely; recruited the firstnaval aviators; established aviator training; oversaw the first budget appropriation of $25,000 from which he purchased the first aircraft for the Navy; designed a catapult to launch aircraft from warships and led a Board that recommended establishment of the firstnaval air station at Pensacola, Florida and advocated for the establishment of a "national aerodynamic laboratory". Chambers has been called "the Father of Naval Aviation".
Early in his career as anensign, Chambers distinguished himself as one of six officers attached toUSS Thetis under CaptainWinfield Scott Schley, who led the four-ship Greely Relief Expedition in 1884 that located and rescuedU.S. ArmyFirst LieutenantAdolphus Greely and the six other survivors of theLady Franklin Bay Expedition five miles offCape Sabine inSmith Sound, an uninhabited Arctic sea passage betweenGreenland andCanada's northernmost island,Ellesmere on June 22, 1884. Over the next twenty-five years, in shore duty that alternated with his sea duty, to include teaching at theNaval War College, the Torpedo Station at Newport, Rhode Island, and Assistant Chief of theBureau of Ordnance (1907-09), Chambers contributed to the design oftorpedoes and the Navy's first all-big-gun battleships, cementing his reputation as one of the Navy's leading intellects and technology innovators, as well as a savvy navigator of the Navy's labyrinthine bureaucracy, which put him in good stead to advocate for naval air against early skepticism and resistance. On January 8, 1914, he was detached from Bureau of Navigation, and to the Division of Operations, Navy Department, for special duty. During this period of service, recommendations to the Navy Department caused the Office of theChief of Naval Operations to be set up (1915) and Captain Chambers continued to serve under the first Chief,William S. Benson, throughout the World War, and until relieved of active duty on November 8, 1919.
Washington Irving Chambers was born inKingston, New York in 1856, the only child of a boot maker, Jacob Chambers (1812-1882), and his wife, Margaret Ann (nee Ayres) (1817-1903), both native New Yorkers. Through his father, he was a descendant ofLouis DuBois, a Huguenot settler who helped foundNew Paltz, New York and theHasbrouck family. Chambers was named after the prominent 19th Century New York authorWashington Irving, often called "the Father of American Literature", himself named afterGeorge Washington, theAmerican Revolutionary War general and firstPresident of the United States, who is historically regarded as "the Father of his Country."
In June 1871, Washington Chambers was appointed a cadet midshipman to theUS Naval Academy atAnnapolis, Maryland fromNew York's 13th congressional district. He completed the four year academic course in June 1876 when he was 20 years old and graduated as a Passed Midshipman, required to spend two years at sea before commissioning as an ensign.
In November 1892, Chambers was sent to study and teach at theNaval War College. After graduating, he remained on staff until November 1893.[1][2]
On December 3, 1892, Chambers married Isabella Reynolds (1863–1945) at Kingston, NY. They had one child, Irving Reynolds Chambers (1893-1979), who was also a career naval officer. Following Captain Chambers's retirement from active duty in the Navy, he and his wife resided in Washington, D.C. At the time of his death on September 23, 1934, inChillicothe, Ohio, he was returning by train to Washington from a trip toSan Diego, California. He was survived by his wife and son.[3] Both Chambers men and their wives are buried inArlington National Cemetery.
Irving Chambers was given the nickname "Skipper" by his father and graduated from the Naval Academy in 1915. He served 31 years in the Navy, attaining the rank of captain. Irving Chambers qualified as a submarine officer, and as alieutenant in 1921 commanding the submarineUSS R-6 (SS-83), he was the last man off the boat when it sank atSan Pedro Bay (California) due to a malfunctioning torpedo tube door on September 26 that year. Chambers, an excellent swimmer, remained in the water to assist some of his men who were struggling. Following aboard of inquiry, he was cleared of any culpability for the accident, which claimed two sailors' lives. The submarine was refloated two weeks later, on October 13, and returned to service until its decommissioning 24-years later in October 1945.
Promoted to captain in 1940, Irving Chambers's last sea command was thelight cruiserUSS Concord (CL-10) from July 13, 1942 to December 16, 1943. From August 27 to December 5, 1943, famed polar explorer and retiredRear AdmiralRichard E. Byrd and his team embarked on Concord fromBalboa, the western terminus of thePanama Canal, for a special mission to conduct a highly secret survey of 33 South Pacific islands to identify potential sites for refueling bases for military use and for post-World War II commercial flights. Byrd had been recalled to active duty on March 26, 1942, and served as the confidential advisor to AdmiralErnest J. King and on the South Pacific Island Base Inspection Board. A large explosion at sea on October 7, 1943, took the lives of 24 Concord crewmen, including the executive officer, Commander Rogers Elliott. Caused by ignition of gasoline fumes at the stern of the ship, the explosion threw some men overboard, while others were killed from concussion, burns, fractured skulls, and broken necks. Several sailors died while trying to save their shipmates. The dead were buried at sea on October 8. On October 23, 1943, Byrd wrote a letter fromNuku Hiva, the largest of theMarquesas Islands inFrench Polynesia, to Chambers, as the ship's commanding officer, commending him and his crew "for the courage and efficiency" displayed following the explosion that made Byrd "feel proud to be an American. Great heroism was displayed, especially by the men who lost their lives rescuing the wounded."
United States Naval Academy Midshipman – Class of 1876
| Ensign | Lieutenant, Junior Grade | Lieutenant | Lieutenant Commander | Commander | Captain |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O-1 | O-2 | O-3 | O-4 | O-5 | O-6 |
 |  |  |  |  |  |
| November 30, 1878 | January 1, 1886 | May 29, 1891 | July 13, 1899 | April 21, 1905 | December 7, 1908 |
| Captain Chambers was involuntarily placed on the "retired list" in late 1913, making him ineligible for promotion toflag officer, although he remained on active duty. On January 8, 1914, he was detached from Bureau of Navigation, and to the Division of Operations, Navy Department, for special duty. During this period of service, recommendations to the Navy Department caused the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations to be set up (1915) and Captain Chambers continued to serve under the first Chief throughout the World War, and until relieved of active duty on November 8, 1919. | |||||
