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Warung

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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Type of small family-owned business in Indonesia

Not to be confused withsari-sari stores in thePhilippines.

A village warung inGarut,West Java,Indonesia.

Awarung (old spelling:waroeng orwarong) is a type of small family-owned business — smallretail,eatery, orcafé — inIndonesia.^[1] Awarung is an essential part of daily life in Indonesia. Over time, the termwarung hasshifted somewhat — especially amongforeign visitors,expatriates, and people abroad — to refer more specifically to a modest Indonesian eatery or a place that sells Indonesian retail items (mostly groceries or foodstuff).^[2] But for the majority of Indonesians, it still refers to a small, neighborhood convenience shop, often a front room or booth in a family's home.

There are tourist-serving establishments on the island ofBali and elsewhere that attach the termwarung to their business to indicate their Indonesian nature.^[3] Traditionally,warung is indeed a family-owned business, run by the family members, mostly by women.^[4]

Traditional warungs are made fromwood,bamboo, orwoven thatch. More permanent warungs are stalls made frombricks andconcrete, which are often family-owned businesses attached to their homes. Some smaller portable warungs are made fromtin,zinc, ormolded fiberglass in some modern versions.Warung tenda is a portabletent-based warung, covered withcanvas,fabric,tarp, or plastic sheet tent for roofing.

Terminology

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A 19th-century image of warung during the colonial period

The termwarung simply denotes a wide category of small businesses, either a small retail shop or an eatery. It is widely used inJava and most of Indonesia. In certain parts ofSumatra andthe Malay Peninsula, the wordkedai is sometimes used as well. InJavanese culture areas, such as inYogyakarta,Semarang, andSurakarta, its counterpart termwedhangan orangkringan is more commonly found.^[4] On the other hand, the termtoko is used for a larger and more established shop.

The term can be used to loosely refer to many other types of shops, including thewartel (short forwarung telepon, essentially a staffedphone booth) andwarnet (short forwarung internetInternet café).

Varieties

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There are many kinds of warung, some take the form of a small shop that sells cold bottled drinks,candy,cigarettes, snacks,krupuk, and other daily necessities, while the larger ones are small restaurant establishments. A warung that sells food typically sells easily prepared local foods;pisang goreng and many kinds ofgorengan,nasi goreng (fried rice), andmie goreng (fried noodles).

On the resort island ofBali andLombok,warung might refer to a touristycabana cafe that sells locals' favourites as well as Asian or Western food. Other than Indonesian dishes, on their menu, there might be a selection of soups, steaks, fries, sandwiches, or grilled fish.

Some types of warung are:

Warung rokok or common warung is a very small street-side shop, constructed from wood, bamboo, or tin. Most of them measure not more than 2 by 1 meter (6.6 by 3.3 feet). They sellrokok (cigarettes), cold bottled drinks, snacks and candies,krupuk, soap, toothpaste, and other daily necessities, essentially a miniaturizedconvenience store. This is the most commonly distributed warung, sprung in residential areas, slums, street sides, and tucked between high-rise business areas.
Warkop orwarung kopi is a small cafe orcoffee shop that sellscoffee and snacks, such as roasted peanuts,rempeyek, krupuk,pisang goreng, and bread. At a time in Indonesia, the Malaysian and Singaporean counterpartkopi tiam, gained popularity instead of the humble local warung kopi. Traditionally,warung kopi served a social function as a gathering place for men of the village to socialize and trade news. As time passed, specialty cafes flourished spurred by the surge of the local's interest in quality coffee. As a result, various cafes were growing, from humblewarung kopi to fancy coffee shop selling artisan and premium specialty coffee.^[5]
Warung nasi is a humble small restaurant that sellsnasi (rice) with otherIndonesian dishes. Instead of separate tables and chairs, a long communal bar andbench are usually provided for customers to dine at.
Warteg orwarung tegal is a more specific warung nasi, established byJavanese people from the town ofTegal inCentral Java. They sell favouriteJavanese dishes and rice. A wide array of pre-cooked dishes is arranged in glass-windowed cupboards. They are well known for selling modestly priced meals, popular among the working class such as low-skilled labourers in the cities.
Warung padang is a small scaledPadang restaurant. It usually provides a bar and bench instead of tables and chairs for seating and, sometimes, a choice of fewer dishes. Larger scale more established Padang eateries are referred to asrumah makan padang or Padang restaurant instead.
Warung jamu specifically sellsjamu traditional herbal medicine.
Warnet orwarung internet is aninternet cafe.
Wartel orwarung telepon is a staffedphone booth.
Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL) arevendors operating a pull cart. Their name (literally "Five-footed merchant") refers to the two legs of the vendor, the two cartwheels, and a monopod stand for operations. A warung might be based on a PKL's cart, which represents one of the most humble warungs of all.

Most of the time, warung are named after the main dishes they sell. For example,warung bubur kacang ijo orwarung burjo sellsbubur kacang hijau,warung roti bakar sells grilled bread,warung pecel lele sellspecel lele or fried catfish withsambal, whilewarung indomie sells cookedinstant noodles, although the brand might not always beIndomie.