Warner Baxter | |
|---|---|
_(cropped).jpg) Baxter in 1924 | |
| Born | Warner Leroy Baxter (1889-03-29)March 29, 1889 Columbus, Ohio, U.S. |
| Died | May 7, 1951(1951-05-07) (aged 62) |
| Resting place | Forest Lawn Memorial Park, Glendale, California |
| Occupation | Actor |
| Years active | 1914–1950 |
| Spouses | |
Warner Leroy Baxter (March 29, 1889 – May 7, 1951) was an American film actor from the 1910s to the 1940s. Baxter is known for his role asthe Cisco Kid in the 1928 filmIn Old Arizona, for which he won theAcademy Award for Best Actor at the2nd Academy Awards.[1] He frequently played womanizing, charismatic Latin bandit types in Westerns, and played the Cisco Kid or a similar character throughout the 1930s, but had a range of other roles throughout his career.
Baxter starred in 110 films in total beginning his movie career insilent films with his most notable roles being inThe Great Gatsby (1926) andThe Awful Truth (1925). Baxter's notable sound films areIn Old Arizona (1929),42nd Street (1933),Slave Ship (1937) withWallace Beery,Kidnapped (1938) withFreddie Bartholomew, and the 1931 ensemble short filmThe Stolen Jools. In the 1940s, he was well known for his recurring role asDr. Robert Ordway in theCrime Doctor series of 10 films.
For his contributions to the motion-picture industry, Baxter has a star on theHollywood Walk of Fame.[2]
Baxter was born on March 29, 1889,[3][4] in Columbus, Ohio,[5] to Edwin F. Baxter, a cigar stand operator, and Jennie (Jane) B. Barrett.[6] Baxter's father died before Warner was five, and he and his mother went to live with her brother. They later moved to New York City, where he became active in dramatics, both participating in school productions and attending plays. In 1898, the two moved to San Francisco, where he graduated fromPolytechnic High School. The pair were temporarily displaced by the1906 San Francisco earthquake, then returned to Columbus in 1908. After selling farm implements for a living, Baxter worked for four months as the partner of Dorothy Shoemaker in an act on theKeith Vaudeville Circuit.[7]
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Baxter began his film career as an extra in 1914 in a stock company. He had his first starring role in 1921 inSheltered Daughters.[8][additional citation(s) needed] The same year, he acted inFirst Love,[9]The Love Charm,[10] andCheated Hearts.[11]
Baxter starred in 48 features during the 1920s. His most notable silent roles were inThe Great Gatsby (1926),Aloma of the South Seas (1926) as an island love interest opposite dancerGilda Gray, and as an alcoholic doctor inWest of Zanzibar (1928) withLon Chaney.
David Shipman wrote in 1970,
"He is the beau ideal, a Valentino without a horse and the costume of a sheik. He is the fellow the girls meet around the corner, that is, if the fellow were Warner Baxter. He is the chap the lonely woman on the prairie sees when she looks at the men's ready-to-wear pages in the latest mail order catalogue"; this appraisal byJim Tully appeared inPicturegoer in 1936. Baxter was certainly the inspiration for artwork in mail-order catalogues and adverts for pipes, the prototype for men modelling cardigans or pullovers or tweeds. During the early sound period, he was one of Hollywood's leading actors. There was no éclat with him, no scandals, no Hollywood careering. Women liked him because he was mature and reliable. He was a good work-horse of an actor, often at the mercy of his material. When it was good, he gave positive, likeable performances. It was a long career but he is hardly remembered today.[12]
Baxter's most notable starring role was asThe Cisco Kid inIn Old Arizona (1929), the first all-talking Western, for which he won the secondAcademy Award for Best Actor. He also starred in42nd Street (1933),[13]Grand Canary (1934),[14]Broadway Bill (1934),[15] andKidnapped (1938).[16]
In 1930, the studio planned a sequel but discovered that the rights they had acquired only allowed one direct adaptation of O. Henry’s story.[17] As a workaround, Baxter starred inThe Arizona Kid as Chico Cabrillo, the Arizona Kid, a character similar to the Cisco Kid.[18][19] He later returned to the role of the Cisco Kid inThe Cisco Kid (1931),The Stolen Jools (1931), andThe Return of the Cisco Kid (1939 film)
By 1936, Baxter was the highest-paid actor inHollywood, but by 1943, he had slipped toB movie roles, and he starred in a series ofCrime Doctor films forColumbia Pictures. Baxter had roles in more than 100 films from 1914 to 1950.[20] In 1936, Baxter had what Leonard Maltin considered his finest job of acting in John Ford'sThe Prisoner of Shark Island.[21]
During the mid-1930s Baxter began to have career and personal troubles. The studio system and being a top leading man with Fox made him wealthy beyond his dreams but it also let him in for some significant personal problems. Baxter said he was envious of his friendRonald Colman. "Look at that guy. He only makes one or two pictures a year. I've got to work practically every day in the year." He seemed unable to pry himself away from his salary as a contract star.[22] Some of his better roles in this period were on loan out from his home studio, Fox Picture Corporation. His MGM loan out forRobin Hood of El Dorado was an example. DirectorWilliam Wellman's recollections in the 2015 biography by his son went into some detail. Baxter, according to Wellman, was aging and troubled by that, as evidenced by a major drinking problem. Baxter told Wellman he was fine during the day but as evening approached he was "gone".[23] Adding to his own insecurities as a leading man, his home studio was not known for having a strong story department. They relied on the formula of having their major stars repeat the same type of stories and characters when it reverberated with an audience. In many cases, even forWill Rogers, it often would decrease the value of the actor's contract.[24]
By 1939, he was publicly complaining about being teamed with new bright and very young actresses as he was advancing in years. He said working withLoretta Young was fine as she had been around since the silent days and fans did not view her as a youngster, but the new crop such asLynn Bari andArleen Whelan made him feel very uncomfortable.[25] As his 20th Century Fox contract was nearing completion, he was openly talking of retiring, a decision he was making with his wifeWinifred Bryson. By 1941, columnist Jimmie Fidler was stating the retirement talk was on the level.[26] Some time betweenAdam Had Four Sons andLady in the Dark he suffered a mental breakdown. Over the subsequent years, he was fairly candid about it in interviews. He said "It's like chasing a rainbow. You never see the end of it. Each part you get has to be better than the last one and before you know it you've got a nervous breakdown."[27]
The reported $284,000 (about $6,490,000 in 2025) Baxter earned in 1936 was the highest paid to a contract actor that year.[28] By 1947, he was reduced to earning $30,000 (about $685,000 in 2025) per picture in a mere two-picture deal.[29] He was, however, more comfortable both with his career and his life, giving much credit to his wife. "I never take a role until we both talk it over. I have a high opinion of her judgment". He said he no longer cared about high budget films or being a star. "I don't need the money, and I work just to keep interested. I had a good part in a big picture about six years ago. There was tension in making it and I felt myself getting nervous again." They moved to their beach house in Malibu, California, soaking up the sun and gradually getting better.[30] Baxter felt that the best role in motion pictures was being a leading man in a series. He had reached that conclusion during the production years of the variousCrime Doctor films. "It's wonderful. I make two of them a year. Columbia has juggled it so I can make two in a row. That takes about eight weeks of my time. The rest of the year I relax. I travel. I enjoy life".[27]
Baxter married Viola Caldwell in 1911, but they were soon separated and then divorced in 1913. He married actressWinifred Bryson in 1918, remaining married until his death in 1951.[31] Through his marriage to Bryson he was an uncle by marriage to actress Betty Bryson.[32] Betty Bryson was born Elizabeth Bryson Meikklejohn, daughter of Winifred's sister, Vivian.
On August 5, 1931, Baxter survived uninjured with 40 other cast and crew members the train derailment of the Southern Pacific Argonaut east of Yuma on route to Tucson for location shooting forThe Cisco Kid. Two trainmen were killed in the derailment. Baxter, Conchita Montenegro, and Edmund Lowe were among the passengers in cars at the end of the train.[33]
The Baxter beach house was at 77 Malibu Beach, Malibu, California, for many years as noted in its 1942 voter roll.[34] He also had a cabin in the San Jacinto Mountains.[35] He was very active in Malibu civic affairs and was named honorary mayor of Malibu from 1946, replacing Brian Donlevy, through 1949.[36] For a number of years, he had an 80-acre working ranch about 12 miles north of Palm Springs at Desert Hot Springs, the Warner Baxter Ranch, later renamed the Circle B Ranch. It was used for years as a location for western films.[37] It was listed for sale in mid 1945 for a price of $40,000 and sold over a year later.[38][39]
During the war, Baxter was chairman of the Malibu Rationing Board and also did some troop entertaining in Army camps in the Fresno and Bakersfield areas. He and his entertainers put on dozens of day and night shows for the service men.[40]
Baxter was a close friend ofWilliam Powell, with whom he had starred in three silent films, the best of which wasThe Great Gatsby now considered lost. He was at Powell's side whenJean Harlow died in 1937.[20] His friendship withRonald Colman was perhaps even deeper. While tennis and the film industry were the origins of their friendship going back to their earlier days at Paramount Studios, Colman and his wife Benita Hume named Baxter andTim McCoy as godfathers to their daughter Juliet Benita Colman at her christening in 1944.[41] Juliet Colman's biography of her father describes in detail the very private social circle of cocktails, dinner and games of tennis or poker held between her father's Hollywood house at 2092 Mound Street above and behind the Castle Argyle, and Baxter's home on South Beachwood Drive.
When not acting, Baxter was an inventor who co-created a searchlight for revolvers in 1935, which allowed a shooter to more clearly see a target at night. He also developed a radio device that allowed emergency crews to change traffic signals from two blocks away, providing them with safe passage through intersections. He financed the device's installation at a Beverly Hills intersection in 1940.[20]
Baxter suffered from arthritis for several years, as well as a chronic illness which caused eating difficulties and induced malnutrition.[42] In 1951, he underwent a lobotomy as a last resort to ease the chronic pain.[43][44] On May 7, 1951, he died of pneumonia at age 62[5] and was interred inForest Lawn Memorial Park Cemetery in Glendale, California in a private funeral service described as markedly reminiscent of the film capital's earlier days. Among his pallbearers were friends Ronald Colman and William Powell.[45] He left all his property to his wife.[46]
Winifred married St. Louis architect Ferdinand Herman Menger at the Desert Inn in Las Vegas, Nevada, on October 15, 1953. They would remain married until the end of her life.[47][48]
In 1960, Baxter posthumously received amotion pictures star on theHollywood Walk of Fame at 6284 Hollywood Boulevard.[2]
| Year | Film | Role | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1914 | Her Own Money | Lew Alden | uncredited |
| 1918 | All Woman | uncredited | |
| 1919 | Lombardi, Ltd. | uncredited | |
| 1921 | First Love | Donald Halliday | incomplete;Museum of Modern Art (New York) |
| Cheated Hearts | Tom Gordon | ||
| The Love Charm | Thomas Morgan | ||
| Sheltered Daughters | Pep Mullins | ||
| 1922 | If I Were Queen | Vladimir | |
| A Girl's Desire | Jones/Lord Dysart | ||
| The Ninety and Nine | Tom Silverton/Phil Bradbury | ||
| The Girl in His Room | Kirk Waring | ||
| Her Own Money | Lew Alden | ||
| 1923 | St. Elmo | Murray Hammond | lost |
| Blow Your Own Horn | Jack Dunbar | ||
| In Search of a Thrill | Adrian Torrens | ||
| Those Who Dance | Bob Kane | extant; Library of Congress (per Tave/IMDb review) | |
| 1924 | Christine of the Hungry Heart | Stuart Knight | extant; Library of Congress (per Tave/IMDb review) |
| The Female | Col. Valentia | lost | |
| His Forgotten Wife | Donald Allen/John Rolfe | extant; Library of Congress | |
| Alimony | Jimmy Mason | lost | |
| The Garden of Weeds | Douglas Crawford | lost | |
| 1925 | The Best People | Henry Morgan | lost |
| A Son of His Father | Big Boy Morgan | lost | |
| Rugged Water | Calvin Horner | lost | |
| Welcome Home | Fred Prouty | extant | |
| The Awful Truth | Norman Satterlee | print preserved at UCLA Film and Television (per IMDb) | |
| The Air Mail | Russ Kane | incomplete | |
| The Golden Bed | Bunny O'Neill | extant | |
| Mismates | Ted Carroll | lost | |
| 1926 | Aloma of the South Seas | Nuitane | lost |
| The Runaway | Wade Murrell | lost | |
| Mannequin | John Herrick | extant | |
| The Great Gatsby | Jay Gatsby | lost | |
| Miss Brewster's Millions | Thomas B. Hancock Jr | lost | |
| 1927 | The Coward | Clinton Philbrook | |
| Singed | Royce Wingate | ||
| Drums of the Desert | John Curry | lost | |
| The Telephone Girl | Matthew Standish | ||
| Craig's Wife | Walter Craig | lost | |
| 1928 | Danger Street | Rolly Sigsby | |
| Ramona | Alessandro | extant | |
| Three Sinners | James Harris | lost | |
| The Tragedy of Youth | Frank Gordon | lost | |
| West of Zanzibar | Doc | directed byTod Browning; extant | |
| A Woman's Way | Tony | lost | |
| In Old Arizona | The Cisco Kid | Academy Award for Best Actor – extant | |
| 1929 | Romance of the Rio Grande | Pablo Wharton Cameron | |
| Behind That Curtain | Col. John Beetham | extant | |
| The Far Call | ? | lost | |
| Thru Different Eyes | Jack Winfield | extant (special silent version only, incomplete) | |
| Linda | Dr. Paul Randall | extant | |
| 1930 | Renegades | Deucalion | extant |
| Such Men Are Dangerous | Ludwig Kranz | extant; Library of Congress | |
| The Arizona Kid | Chico Cabrillo /The Arizona Kid[49] | extant; Library of Congress | |
| 1931 | Their Mad Moment | Esteban Cristera | |
| Doctors' Wives | Dr. Judson Penning | ||
| The Stolen Jools | The Cisco Kid | ||
| Daddy Long Legs | Jervis Pendleton | ||
| The Squaw Man | James 'Jim' Wingate, aka Jim Carston | extant | |
| The Cisco Kid | The Cisco Kid | ||
| Surrender | Sgt. Dumaine | ||
| 1932 | Six Hours to Live | Capt. Paul Onslow | |
| Man About Town | Stephen Morrow | ||
| Amateur Daddy | Jim Gladden | ||
| 1933 | Dangerously Yours | Andrew Burke | |
| 42nd Street | Julian Marsh | ||
| I Loved You Wednesday | Philip Fletcher | ||
| Paddy the Next Best Thing | Lawrence Blake | ||
| Penthouse | Jackson 'Jack' Durant | ||
| 1934 | Hell in the Heavens | Lt. Steve Warner | |
| As Husbands Go | Charles Lingard | ||
| Grand Canary | Dr. Harvey Leith | ||
| Stand Up and Cheer! | Lawrence Cromwell | ||
| Such Women Are Dangerous | Michael Shawn | ||
| Broadway Bill | Dan Brooks | ||
| 1935 | Under the Pampas Moon | Cesar Campo | |
| One More Spring | Jaret Otkar | ||
| La Fiesta de Santa Barbara | Himself | short film | |
| 1936 | White Hunter | Capt. Clark Rutledge | |
| To Mary - with Love | Jack Wallace | ||
| The Road to Glory | Captain Paul La Roche | ||
| The Prisoner of Shark Island | Dr. Samuel Mudd | ||
| King of Burlesque | Kerry Bolton | ||
| The Robin Hood of El Dorado | Joaquin Murrieta | ||
| 1937 | Wife, Doctor and Nurse | Dr. Judd Lewis | |
| Vogues of 1938 | George Curson | ||
| Slave Ship | Jim Lovett | ||
| 1938 | I'll Give a Million | Tony Newlander | |
| Kidnapped | Alan Breck | ||
| 1939 | Barricade | Hank Topping | |
| Wife, Husband and Friend | Leonard Borland aka Logan Bennett | ||
| The Return of the Cisco Kid | The Cisco Kid | ||
| 1940 | Earthbound | Nick Desborough | |
| 1941 | Adam Had Four Sons | Adam Stoddard | |
| 1943 | Crime Doctor | Dr. Robert Ordway/Phil Morgan | first of 10 films in theCrime Doctor B-film series |
| Crime Doctor's Strangest Case | Dr. Robert Ordway | ||
| 1944 | Shadows in the Night | Dr. Robert Ordway | |
| Lady in the Dark | Kendall Nesbitt | ||
| 1945 | Crime Doctor's Warning | Dr. Robert Ordway | |
| The Crime Doctor's Courage | Dr. Robert Ordway | ||
| 1946 | Crime Doctor's Man Hunt | Dr. Robert Ordway | |
| Just Before Dawn | Dr. Robert Ordway | ||
| 1947 | Crime Doctor's Gamble | Dr. Robert Ordway | |
| The Millerson Case | Dr. Robert Ordway | ||
| 1948 | The Gentleman from Nowhere | Earl Donovan/Robert Ashton | |
| 1949 | The Crime Doctor's Diary | Dr. Robert Ordway | last of theCrime Doctor series |
| The Devil's Henchman | Jess Arno | ||
| Prison Warden | Warden Victor Burnell | ||
| 1950 | State Penitentiary | Roger Manners | |
| 1952 | O. Henry's Full House | clip of Baxter fromThe Cisco Kid |
