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| Warekena | |
|---|---|
| Baniwa of Maroa, Baniwa of Guainía | |
| Guarequena | |
| Native to | Brazil,Venezuela |
Native speakers | 650 (2001–2006)[1] ca. 200 (1999)[2] |
Arawakan
| |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | gae |
| Glottolog | guar1293 |
| ELP | Guarequena |
Warekena (Guarequena), or more preciselyWarekena of Xié, is anArawakan language ofBrazil and ofMaroa Municipality inVenezuela, spoken near theGuainia River. It is one of several languages which go by the generic nameBaré andBaniwa/Baniva – in this case, distinguished asBaniva de Maroa orBaniva de Guainía.
There may be 10 speakers in Brazil and 200 in Venezuela, per Aikhenvald (1999).
Kaufman (1994) classified it in a Warekena group of Western Nawiki Upper Amazonian, Aikhenvald (1999) in Eastern Nawiki.
Personal pronouns in Warekena are formed by adding an emphatic suffix-ya to the cross-referencing personal prefixes.[3]
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| cen. | lat. | |||||||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||
| Plosive/ Affricate | voiceless | p | t | ts | k | |||
| voiced | b | d | dz | ɡ | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | ʂ | ||||||
| voiced | ʐ | |||||||
| Rhotic | tap | ɾ | ɺ | |||||
| trill | r | |||||||
| Approximant | w | j | ||||||
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| High | i | u | |
| Mid | e | ||
| Low | a |
Unmarked constituent order is AVO, VSo, SaV, or SioV.[3]
wa-hã
then-PAUS
waʃi
jaguar
yutʃia-hã
kill-PAUS
ema
tapir
wa-hã waʃi yutʃia-hã ema
then-PAUS jaguar kill-PAUS tapir
"Then the jaguar killed the tapir"
peya
one
nu-yaɺitua
wiyua
die
peya nu-yaɺitua wiyua
one 1sg-brother die
"One of my brothers dies"
Indirect objects tend to be placed immediately after the predicate.
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