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Waorani language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Language isolate spoken by the Huaorani people of the Amazon
Not to be confused withAushiri language orWarao language.
Sabela
Waorani / Huaorani
Wao Terero
Native toEcuador,Peru
RegionOriente or EcuadorianAmazon
Ethnicity1,800Waorani people (2012)[1]
Native speakers
2,000 (2004)[2]
Dialects
  • Tiwakuna
  • Tiwituey (Tuei)
  • Shiripuno
Official status
Official language in
Ecuador: indigenous languages official in own territories
Language codes
ISO 639-3auc
Glottologwaor1240
ELPWaorani

TheWaorani (Huaorani) language, commonly known asSabela (alsoWao, Huao, Auishiri, Aushiri, Ssabela ;autonym:Wao Terero; pejorative:Auka, Auca) is a vulnerablelanguage isolate spoken by theWaorani people, anindigenous group living in theAmazon rainforest between theNapo andCuraray Rivers inEcuador. A small number of speakers with so-calleduncontacted groups may live inPeru.

Classification

[edit]

Sabela is not known to be related to any other language. However, it forms part ofTerrence Kaufman'sYawan proposal.

Jolkesky (2016) also notes that there are lexical similarities withYaruro.[3]

Geographical distribution

[edit]

Waorani is primarily spoken in Waorani Ethnic Reserve, which is the largest indigenous reserve in Ecuador. Other areas where it is spoken includePastaza andNapo provinces (including the towns ofPuyo andCoca),Yasuní National Park, and theTaromenaniTagaeri Intangible Zone.[4]: 1191  Waorani is considered endangered due to growing bilingualism in Quechua and Spanish and diminishing Waorani usage among youth.[1][5]

Dialects

[edit]

Waorani has three dialects:Tiguacuna (Tiwakuna),Tuei (Tiwi Tuei,Tiwi), andShiripuno.

Phonology

[edit]

Waorani distinguishesnasal vowels from oral ones. Syllable structure is (C)V, with frequent vowel clusters. Theallophones of/o/ range from[ɵ,o,ʊ,ɤ] and the allophones of/õ/ have a similar range,[ɵ̃,õ,ʊ̃,ɤ̃], and allophones of/e,ẽ/ can be heard as[ɪ,ɪ̃]. Thealveolar tap[ɾ] is an allophone of/d/ and thepalatal glide[j] is an allophone of/ɟ/.

BilabialAlveolarPalatalVelar
Nasalmnɲŋ
PlosiveVoicelessptk
Voicedbd~ɾɟ~jɡ
Continuantw
FrontBack
OralNasalOralNasal
Closeiĩ
Mideẽoõ
Openææ̃aã

Vocabulary

[edit]

Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items for Sabela and Tiwituey.[6]

glossSabelaTiwituey
oneiríngaruki
twoméa
headu-kabuu-kubo
eyea-wínkaa-winga
womanohíñaunkia
firechúngatua
sunnánkineinghi
starnemu
maizekad'ínghu
househúnku
whitekúrimia

References

[edit]
  1. ^abSabela atEthnologue (18th ed., 2015)(subscription required)
  2. ^"Waorani".UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in danger. UNESCO. Retrieved2018-01-23.
  3. ^Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2016).Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas (Ph.D. dissertation) (2 ed.). Brasília: University of Brasília.
  4. ^Epps, Patience; Michael, Lev, eds. (2023).Amazonian Languages: Language Isolates. Volume II: Kanoé to Yurakaré. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.ISBN 978-3-11-043273-2.
  5. ^Fawcett, Alexia Zandra (May 2012)."Documenting Language, Culture, and Cognition: Language and Space among the Waorani"(PDF). Anthropology and Linguistic Department, Bryn Mawr College. Retrieved21 September 2017.
  6. ^Loukotka, Čestmír (1968).Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Campbell, Lyle. (1997).American Indian Languages: The Historical Linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press.ISBN 0-19-509427-1.
  • Greenberg, Joseph H. (1987).Language in the Americas. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
  • Kaufman, Terrence. (1990). Language History in South America: What We Know and How to Know More. In D. L. Payne (Ed.),Amazonian Linguistics: Studies in Lowland South American languages (pp. 13–67). Austin: University of Texas Press.ISBN 0-292-70414-3.
  • Kaufman, Terrence. (1994). The Native Languages of South America. In C. Mosley & R. E. Asher (Eds.),Atlas of the World's Languages (pp. 46–76). London: Routledge.
  • Peeke, M. Catherine. (2003).A Bibliography of the Waorani of Ecuador. SIL International. Retrieved 2021 April 4 fromhttps://www.sil.org/resources/archives/7801
  • Pike, Evelyn G and Rachel Saint. 1988. Workpapers Concerning Waorani discourse features. Dallas, TX: SIL.
  • Rival, Laura.Trekking through History: The Huaorani of Amazonian Ecuador, Columbia University Press, 2002.

External links

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