Wallum, also known as theWallum Sand Heaths orWallum Country, is an Australianecosystem of coastalsouth-eastern Queensland, extending intonorth-eastern New South Wales. It is characterised by flora-richshrubland andheathland on deep, nutrient-poor, acidic, sandy soils, and regularwildfire. Seasonal changes in the water table due to rainfall may create swamps.[1]
The name Wallum is derived from theKabi word for thewallum banksia.[2][3]
Wallum, as with other coastal ecosystems, is highly threatened by the pressure for coastal development. Threats includeclearing of land for residential development and pine plantations, alterations to drainage from adjacent developments, nutrients from fertilizers, changes in fire frequency, pollution from mosquito control sprays, and the introduction of weeds.[1][3]
Species endemic to Wallum include some acid frogs – frogs adapted to living and breeding in acidic waters – such as thewallum froglet,Freycinet's frog, and thewallum sedge frog. In Queensland, theeastern ground parrot appears to be largely restricted to the wallum.[4][5]
Save Wallum, Brunswick Heads
Save Wallum is a community campaign that began in mid 2023 to protect 30ha of rare coastal wallum heath and woodland inBrunswick Heads, which is in the Byron Bay Shire in Northern NSW, from the construction of 124 residential lots and 3 medium density lots, one which will sell for $3 million.[4][6] The movement to defend this land has garnered national media attention, brought senators and celebrities alike to the site, activated hundreds of locals on the frontline of defending nature, and engaged tens of thousands online across social media.[7]
The site where protection is sought is located at the back of Bayside on Simpson’s Creek in Brunswick Heads, adjacent theTyagarah Nature Reserve. The site is flood and fire prone land, habitat for 24 state listed threatened species and 9 EPBC, federally listed threatened species.[4]
A large part of the reason that protection is sought for this site is that it is a place of great cultural significance for theBundjalung people who are its Traditional Owners and who have requested permanent protection. The site contains Aboriginal cultural pathways, pre-colonial trees and has significant ceremonial and cultural associations which relate to the threatened species living there.[8]
Wallum’swetlands and aquifers help maintain the health of theBrunswick River itself, playing a role in managing floods, water retention and filtration through the landscape, preventing salinisation of the water table and protecting Simpsons and Everitts Creeks from potentially hazardous acid sulphate soils. The trees on the site create a keykoala corridor in this area and support the only known group ofglossy black cockatoos in the shire, which has declined to fewer than 10 birds.
In 2023 the Northern Region Planning Panel (NRPP) approved the DA based on a Concept Plan, under now repealed legislation, from 2013; the proposed new DA was exempt from current ecological impact assessment as a ‘Zombie DA’ under Clause 34a of the Biodiversity Conservation (Savings and Transitional) Regulation, 2017.
Byron Shire Council voted on 8 February 2024 to approve the first construction certificate giving the community no choice but to defend this place with our bodies, usingNon-Violent Direct Action (NVDA), a community 24hour Vigil on site to protect the land commenced.[9]
The community held a peaceful presence with volunteers rostered on to stay and keep a sacred fire burning on the Old Brunswick Crown Road, supporting 2 tree sits and the ‘possums’ living in them for the first 3 months and making history as the first Australian NVDA blockade in suburbia, lasting 9 months.
In July 2024 a Federal Court Interlocutory Injunction was awarded to stop the developers, the almost billion dollar investment company, Clarence Property, from undertaking any development works on the Wallum site.[10][11]
The landmark case brought by Save Wallum Inc against the developers under the Environmental Protection Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, for a permanent injunction is now underway, based on the threat to 5 federally listed threatened species - theWallum Sedge Frog,Koala,Glossy Black Cockatoo,Long Nosed Potoroo and the critically endangeredMitchel’s Rainforest Snail.[12]
The trial commenced in Sydney on 21 February 2025 and has run for 8 days, with further dates set down between now and Final Conclusions scheduled at this stage for the end of May. The matter is being live streamed on YouTube from the federal court of Australia channel on days in session, as a public interest matter.[13]
In the meantime, a newly formed group Community Lead Land Acquisition (CLAI), is looking for support to buy back Wallum in Brunswick Heads NSW, to preserve it in perpetuity.