WD domain, G-beta repeat
Ribbon diagram of the C-terminal WD40 domain of Tup1 (a transcriptionalcorepressor in yeast), which adopts a 7-bladedbeta-propeller fold. Ribbon is colored from blue (N-terminus) to red (C-terminus).[1]
Identifiers
Symbol	WD40
Pfam	PF00400
Pfam clan	CL0186
InterPro	IPR001680
PROSITE	PDOC00574
SCOP2	1gp2 /SCOPe /SUPFAM
CDD	cd00200
Available protein structures: PDB   1b9x​,1b9y​,1erj​,1gg2​,1got​,1gp2​,1gxr​,1nex​,1nr0​,1omw​,1p22​,1pev​,1pgu​,1pi6​,1s4u​,1sq9​,1tbg​,1u4c​,1xhm​,1yfq​,2bcj​,2ce8​,2ce9​,2trc​IPR001680PF00400 (ECOD;PDBsum)   AlphaFold IPR001680 PF00400

TheWD40 repeat (also known as theWD orbeta-transducin repeat) is a shortstructural motif of approximately 40amino acids, often terminating in atryptophan-aspartic acid (W-D) dipeptide.^[2]Tandem copies of these repeats typically fold together to form a type of circularsolenoid protein domain called theWD40 domain.

WD40 domain-containing proteins have 4 to 16 repeating units, all of which are thought to form a circularisedbeta-propeller structure (see figure to the right).^[3][4] The WD40 domain is composed of about 40 to 60^[4] amino acids with a glycine and histidine dipeptide near the N-terminus and a tryptophan and aspartic acid dipeptide most commonly at the C-terminus. Two variable regions are present. The repeats typically form a four-stranded anti-parallel beta sheet or blade. These blades come together to form a propeller with the most common being a seven-bladed beta propeller. The blades interlock so that the last beta strand of one repeat forms with the first three of the next repeat to form the 3D blade structure.^[3][4]

WD40-repeat proteins are a large family found in alleukaryotes and are implicated in a variety of functions ranging fromsignal transduction andtranscription regulation tocell cycle control,autophagy andapoptosis.^[5] The underlying common function of all WD40-repeat proteins is coordinating multi-protein complex assemblies, where the repeating units serve as a rigidscaffold for protein interactions. The specificity of the proteins is determined by the sequences outside the repeats themselves. Examples of such complexes areG proteins (beta subunit is a beta-propeller),TAFII transcription factor, andE3 ubiquitin ligase.^[3][4]

According to the initial analysis of the human genome WD40 repeats are the eighth largest family of proteins. In all 277 proteins were identified to contain them.^[6] Human genes encoding proteins containing this domain include:

• AAAS,AAMP,AHI1,AMBRA1,APAF1,ARPC1A,ARPC1B,ATG16L1,
• BOP1,BRWD1,BRWD3,BTRC,BUB3,
• C6orf11,CDC20,CDC40,CDRT1,CHAF1B,CIAO1,CIRH1A,COPA,COPB2,CORO1A,CORO1B,CORO1C,CORO2A,CORO2B,CORO6,CORO7,CSTF1,
• DDB2,DENND3,DMWD,DMXL1,DMXL2,DNAI1,DNAI2,DNCI1,DTL,DYNC1I1,DYNC1I2,EDC4,
• EED,EIF3S2,ELP2,EML1,EML2,EML3,EML4,EML4-ALK,EML5,ERCC8,
• FBXW10,FBXW11,FBXW2,FBXW4,FBXW5,FBXW7,FBXW8,FBXW9,FZR1,
• GBL,GEMIN5,GNB1,GNB1L,GNB2,GNB2L1,GNB3,GNB4,GNB5,GRWD1,GTF3C2,
• HERC1,HIRA,HZGJ,
• IFT121,IFT122,IFT140,IFT172,IFT80,IQWD1,
• KATNB1,KIAA1336,KIF21A,KIF21B,KM-PA-2,
• KEAP1,
• LLGL1,LLGL2,LRBA,LRRK1,LRRK2,LRWD1,LYST,
• MAPKBP1,MED16,MORG1,
• NBEA,NBEAL1,NEDD1,NLE1,NSMAF,NUP37,NUP43,NWD1,
• PAAF1,PAFAH1B1,PAK1IP1,PEX7,PHIP,PIK3R4,PLAA,PLRG1,PPP2R2A,PPP2R2B,PPP2R2C,PPP2R2D,PPWD1,PREB,PRPF19,PRPF4,PWP1,PWP2,
• RAE1,RPTOR,RBBP4,RBBP5,RBBP7,RFWD2,RFWD3,RRP9,
• SCAP,SEC13,SEC31A,SEC31B,SEH1L,SHKBP1,SMU1,SPAG16, SPG,STRAP,STRN,STRN3,STRN4,STXBP5,STXBP5L,
• TAF5,TAF5L,TBL1X,TBL1XR1,TBL1Y,TBL2,TBL3,TEP1,THOC3,THOC6,TLE1,TLE2,TLE3,TLE4,TLE6,TRAF7,TSSC1,TULP4,TUWD12,
• UTP15,UTP18,
• WAIT1,WDF3,WDFY1,WDFY2,WDFY3,WDFY4,WDHD1,WDR1,WDR10,WDR11,WDR12,WDR13,WDR16,WDR17,WDR18,WDR19,WDR20,WDR21A,WDR21C,WDR22,WDR23,WDR24,WDR25,WDR26,WDR27,WDR3,WDR31,WDR32,WDR33,WDR34,WDR35,WDR36,WDR37,WDR38,WDR4,WDR40A,WDR40B,WDR40C,WDR41,WDR42A,WDR42B,WDR43,WDR44,WDR46,WDR47,WDR48,WDR49,WDR5,WDR51A,WDR51B,WDR52,WDR53,WDR54,WDR55,WDR57,WDR59,WDR5B,WDR6,WDR60,WDR61,WDR62,WDR63,WDR64,WDR65,WDR66,WDR67,WDR68,WDR69,WDR7,WDR70,WDR72,WDR73,WDR74,WDR75,WDR76,WDR77,WDR78,WDR79,WDR8,WDR81,WDR82,WDR85,WDR86,WDR88,WDR89,WDR90,WDR91,WDR92,WDSOF1,WDSUB1,WDTC1,WSB1,WSB2,
• ZFP106

• Beta-propeller
• Tomosyn, a protein two WD40 domains
• Protein tandem repeats

• Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif classLIG_APCC_Dbox_1
• Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif classLIG_APCC_KENbox_2
• Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif classLIG_COP1
• Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif classLIG_CRL4_Cdt2_1
• Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif classLIG_CRL4_Cdt2_2
• Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif classLIG_EH1_1
• Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif classLIG_GLEBS_BUB3_1
• Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif classLIG_RAPTOR_TOS_1
• Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif classLIG_SCF_FBW7_1
• Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif classLIG_SCF_FBW7_2
• Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif classLIG_SCF-TrCP1_1
• Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif classLIG_WRPW_1
• Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif classLIG_WRPW_2
• Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif classTRG_ER_diArg_1
• Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif classTRG_ER_diLys_1
• Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif classTRG_Golgi_diPhe_1
• Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif classTRG_PTS2

• Protein tandem repeats

• Articles with short description
• Short description is different from Wikidata