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 The VE-7 was the first aircraft to launch from a U.S. Navyaircraft carrier. | |
| Industry | Aerospace |
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| Founded | 1917 |
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Vought was the name of several related Americanaerospace firms. These have included, in the past,Lewis and Vought Corporation,Chance Vought,Vought-Sikorsky,LTV Aerospace (part ofLing-Temco-Vought),Vought Aircraft Companies, andVought Aircraft Industries.
The first incarnation of Vought was established byChance M. Vought and Birdseye Lewis in 1917. In 1928, it was acquired byUnited Aircraft and Transport Corporation, which a few years later becameUnited Aircraft Corporation; this was the first of many reorganizations and buyouts. During the 1920s and 1930s, Vought Aircraft and Chance Vought specialized incarrier-based aircraft for theUnited States Navy, by far its biggest customer. Chance Vought produced thousands of planes duringWorld War II, including theF4U Corsair.
Vought became independent again in 1954, and was purchased byLing-Temco-Vought (LTV) in 1961. The company designed and produced a variety of planes and missiles throughout theCold War. Vought was sold by LTV and owned in various degrees by theCarlyle Group andNorthrop Grumman in the early 1990s. It was then fully bought by Carlyle, renamed Vought Aircraft Industries, with headquarters inDallas,Texas. In June 2010, the Carlyle Group sold Vought to theTriumph Group.
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In 1917, the Lewis and Vought Corporation was founded by Lewis, an early aviator, and Vought, a former chief engineer of theWright Company. They sought to take advantage of the growing field of military and civilian aviation afterWorld War I. Operations began inAstoria, New York; in 1919, they moved toLong Island City, New York. After Lewis retired in 1922, it was renamed the Chance Vought Corporation.
Vought made history in 1922 when theVought VE-7 trainer made the first takeoff from the deck of theUSSLangley, the first American aircraft carrier. Later came the VE-11 naval fighter and theVought O2U Corsair, the first of the Corsair aircraft.
In 1928, the company was acquired by theUnited Aircraft and Transport Corporation, but stayed its own separate division among the lines ofPratt & Whitney andBoeing. Vought died fromsepsis in 1930, having seen his company produce a variety offighters,trainers,flying boats, andsurveillance aircraft for theUnited States Navy and theUnited States Army Air Service.
Despite theGreat Depression, Vought continued to design and manufacture aircraft at a growing pace. Soon after Chance Vought's death in 1930, the company moved its operations toEast Hartford, Connecticut. Under theAir Mail Act of 1934, United Aircraft and Transportation Corp. was forced by law to divide its businesses, resulting in Boeing Aircraft,United Airlines, and the United Aircraft Corp, of which Vought was a part. In 1939, United Aircraft moved Vought toStratford, Connecticut, where it merged with theSikorsky division to become Vought-Sikorsky Aircraft.
Chief engineerRex Beisel began in 1938 to develop the XF4U, recognized by its distinctiveinverted gull wings. After its first flight, in 1940, thousands ofF4U Corsairs were produced for the Navy and Marines inWorld War II. By the end of its production in 1952, Vought,Goodyear, andBrewster had all produced the Corsair fighters. Vought was reestablished as a separate division in United Aircraft in 1942.
In postwar 1949, Vought moved operations to the formerNorth American Aviation "B" plant inDallas, Texas. The move was pushed by the Navy, who believed that having both of its main aircraft suppliers on the East Coast was an unnecessary risk. Vought moved 27 million pounds of equipment and 1,300 employees in 14 months, a record-breaking industrial move at the time.
In 1954, the company separated from United Aircraft and became the independent Chance Vought Aircraft Inc.
Vought began making itsF-8 Crusader for the Navy in 1957; it was one of the Navy's firstsupersonic fighters and its last all-gun fighter. The same basic design was later heavily revised and shortened to produce Vought'sA-7 Corsair II, a carrier-borne close-air-support and attack plane. Entering service in 1965, the Corsair II was heavily engaged in a close support and strike missions during theVietnam War, beginning in 1967. The A-7 also participated in the U.S. invasion of Grenada in 1983; a punitive raid on Syrian missile sites in 1983; reprisal raids against Libya duringOperation El Dorado Canyon in 1986; strikes against Iranian coastal platforms and naval forces duringOperation Praying Mantis in 1988; support of the 1989 invasion of Panama; and throughout operations duringDesert Storm in 1991. The A-7A, A-7B, A-7C and A-7E served with the US Navy while the A-7D was purchased by the US Air Force and Air National Guard. Two-seat models known as TA-7C/Es served with the U.S. Navy while the US Air Force purchased the TA-7K. The A-7 served in limited numbers with three foreign air forces, including Greece (A-7H/TA-7H), Portugal (A-7P/TA-7P) and Thailand (ex-USN A-7E/TA-7E).
In 1962, Vought was bought byJames Ling, who formed a conglomerate dubbed Ling-Temco-Vought (LTV). Vought Aeronautics and Vought Missiles and Space continued to develop and produce for the Air Force and Navy under the umbrella of LTV Aerospace.
The first of two decades of reorganizations began in 1972 with the creation of Vought Systems by the merging of the Vought Missiles and Space and Aeronautics divisions. All of LTV Aerospace was renamed the Vought Corporation in 1976, but by 1983 the Vought company was again split along aeronautic and missile lines under LTV Aerospace and Defense.
By the early 1980s, LTV was struggling, and Vought laid off many employees.
In 1992, LTV sold Vought toNorthrop and theCarlyle Group, each owning roughly half of the company. It sold the missile division to theLoral Corporation, part ofLockheed Martin Missiles and Fire Control.
Northrop Grumman, the successor toNorthrop andGrumman, bought the Carlyle Group's Vought interest for $130 million in 1994.
In 2000, Carlyle Group established Vought Aircraft Industries, Inc.[clarification needed] It is primarily anaerostructures subcontractor. Vought is heavily involved in theBoeing 747,Boeing 787 aircraft as well as supplying parts for theF-22 Raptor andF-35 Lightning II and theV-22 Osprey. In July 2003, the Aerostructures Corp., owned by the Carlyle Group and based inNashville, Tennessee, merged with Vought.[2] Vought's Nashville site supplies wing components forAirbusA319,A320,A330, andA340.
Boeing announced in July 2009 that it had agreed to acquire the North Charleston, South Carolina, facility of Vought Aircraft Industries, where Vought builds sections 47 and 48 of the aft fuselage for Boeing's 787 Dreamliner. Boeing agreed to pay $580 million for the facility.[3]
In June 2010, the Carlyle Group sold Vought to theTriumph Group, an aerospace component manufacturer.[4] The Vought acquisitions now operate as Triumph Aerostructures - Vought Aircraft Division.[5] The Dallas/Grand Prairie facility was closed; operations moved to a new facility inRed Oak, Texas.
| Model name | First flight | Number built | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Vought VE-7 | 1917 | 128 | Piston engine biplane trainer and fighter |
| Vought O2U Corsair | 1926 | 580 | Piston engine biplane observation aircraft |
| Vought FU | 1927 | 20 | Piston engine biplane fighter |
| Vought XF2U | 1929 | 1 | Prototype piston engine biplane fighter |
| Vought O4U Corsair | 1931 | 2 | Prototype piston engine biplane observation aircraft |
| Vought XF3U | 1933 | 1 | Prototype piston engine biplane fighter |
| Vought SBU Corsair | 1933 | 125 | Piston engine biplane dive bomber |
| Vought O5U | 1934 | 1 | Prototype piston engine biplane observation floatplane |
| Vought SB2U Vindicator | 1936 | 260 | Piston engine monoplane dive bomber |
| Vought V-141 | 1936 | 1 | Prototype piston engine monoplane fighter |
| Vought XSB3U | 1936 | 1 | Prototype piston engine biplane dive bomber |
| Vought OS2U Kingfisher | 1938 | 1,519 | Piston engine monoplane observation floatplane |
| Vought XSO2U | 1939 | 1 | Piston engine monoplane observation floatplane |
| Vought F4U Corsair | 1940 | 12,571 | Piston engine monoplane fighter |
| Vought TBU Sea Wolf | 1941 | 1 | Piston engine monoplane torpedo bomber |
| Vought V-173 | 1942 | 1 | Experimental piston engine "circular wing" aircraft |
| Vought F6U Pirate | 1946 | 33 | Jet engine monoplane fighter |
| Vought XF5U | 1943 | 2 | Prototype piston engine "circular wing" fighter |
| Vought F7U Cutlass | 1948 | 320 | Jet engine monoplane tailless fighter |
| Vought XS2U | N/A | 0 | Unbuilt piston engine monoplane anti-submarine aircraft |
| Vought F8U Crusader | 1955 | 1,219 | Jet engine monoplane fighter |
| Vought XF8U-3 Crusader III | 1958 | 5 | Prototype jet engine monoplane fighter |
| LTV XC-142 | 1964 | 5 | Prototype turboprop tiltwing cargo aircraft |
| LTV A-7 Corsair II | 1965 | 1,545 | Jet engine monoplane attack aircraft |
| LTV L450F | 1970 | 1 | Prototype turboprop monoplane reconnaissance aircraft |
| LTV YA-7F | 1989 | 2 | Prototype jet engine monoplane attack aircraft |
| Vought Model 1600 | N/A | 0 | Unbuilt jet engine monoplane fighter |
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