Avolumetric haptic display (VHD) is similar to a (visual)volumetric display, but informs touch instead of vision. A VHD projects a touch-based representation of a surface onto a 3D volumetric space. Users can feel the projected surface(s), usually with their hands. The display is otherwise not detectable, and offers no visual feedback. There are no known instances of a fully operational VHD at this time.

The University of Bristol has developed a method forhaptic feedback that could be integrated into a volumetric display. The system uses focused ultrasound to create a haptic object in mid air.^[1]

The following feedback can be provided to the user:

• Surface contact
• Surface texture
• Vibration
• Motion-based/topological changes of surface

• Optacon (two-dimensional)
• Refreshable Braille Display (two-dimensional).
• Wired glove (partial 3D representation).

• Belexes research project in theCentre for Music Technology at theUniversity of Glasgow.
• [1] "Researchers in Japan have developed a display that makes 3D objects solid enough to grasp."

• Display technology
• Haptic technology

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