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Voiceless retroflex flap

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Consonantal sound represented by ⟨ɽ̊⟩ in IPA
Voiceless retroflex flap
ɽ̊
IPA number105 402B
Audio sample
Encoding
Unicode(hex)U+027D U+030A
X-SAMPAr`_0
Image

Avoiceless retroflex flap ortap is a type of consonantal sound used in spoken languages. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɽ̊⟩.

Features

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Features of a voiceless retroflex flap:

  • Itsmanner of articulation istap or flap, which means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (usually the tongue) is thrown against another.
  • Itsplace of articulation isretroflex, which prototypically means it is articulatedsubapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it ispostalveolar without beingpalatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can beapical (pointed) or, in some fricatives,laminal (flat).
  • Itsphonation is voiceless, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords. In some languages the vocal cords are actively separated, so it is always voiceless; in others the cords are lax, so that it may take on the voicing of adjacent sounds.
  • It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
  • It is acentral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • Itsairstream mechanism ispulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with theintercostal muscles andabdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

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LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
DhivehiSome dialects[1][example needed]May be atrill instead.[1] Corresponds to/ʂ/ in other dialects.[1]
Nepaliकाठमाडौँ[käɽ̊mäɳɖu]'Kathmandu'Coda and intervocalic allophone of/ʈʰ/.[2][3][4]
अठार[ʌɽ̊äɾʌ]'eighteen'
NorwegianSelbudialectmølk[mœɽ̊k]'milk'Uncommon allophone of/ɽ/ before k and p.[5]
SwedishÅngermanland dialectmjölk[mi̯ɔɽ̊k]'milk'Retroflex pronunciation of /l/ before k and p always voiceless in western Ångermanland dialects.[6]

Notes

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  1. ^abcMaumoon (2002:35)
  2. ^Pokharel, Madhav Prasad (1989),Experimental analysis of Nepali sound system (PhD), University of Pune, India
  3. ^Acharya (1991:16, 24)
  4. ^Khatiwada (2009)[page needed]
  5. ^Dalen, Arnold (15 October 2008).Trøndersk språkhistorie. Fagbokforlaget.ISBN 978-82-519-2330-9.
  6. ^Nordlander, Johan (1933).Ordbok över Multråmålet (in Swedish). Stockholm: Fritzes bokförlag. pp. VIII.

References

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External links

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IPA topics
IPA
Special topics
Encodings
Pulmonic consonants
Place →LabialCoronalDorsalLaryngeal
Manner ↓Bi­labialLabio­dentalLinguo­labialDentalAlveolarPost­alveolarRetro­flexPalatalVelarUvularPharyn­geal/epi­glottalGlottal
Nasalm̥mɱ̊ɱn̼n̪̊n̪n̥nn̠̊n̠ɳ̊ɳɲ̊ɲŋ̊ŋɴ̥ɴ
Plosivepbp̪b̪t̼d̼t̪d̪tdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ
Sibilantaffricatet̪s̪d̪z̪tsdzt̠ʃd̠ʒtʂdʐtɕdʑ
Non-sibilant affricatepɸbβp̪fb̪vt̪θd̪ðtɹ̝̊dɹ̝t̠ɹ̠̊˔d̠ɹ̠˔cçɟʝkxɡɣqχɢʁʡʜʡʢʔh
Sibilantfricatives̪z̪szʃʒʂʐɕʑ
Non-sibilant fricativeɸβfvθ̼ð̼θðθ̠ð̠ɹ̠̊˔ɹ̠˔ɻ̊˔ɻ˔çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Approximantβ̞ʋð̞ɹɹ̠ɻjɰʁ̞ʔ̞
Tap/flapⱱ̟ⱱɾ̼ɾ̥ɾɽ̊ɽɢ̆ʡ̮
Trillʙ̥ʙr̥rr̠ɽ̊r̥ɽrʀ̥ʀʜʢ
Lateral affricatetɬdɮtꞎd𝼅c𝼆ɟʎ̝k𝼄ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricativeɬ̪ɬɮꞎ𝼅𝼆ʎ̝𝼄ʟ̝
Lateral approximantl̪l̥ll̠ɭ̊ɭʎ̥ʎʟ̥ʟʟ̠
Lateral tap/flapɺ̥ɺ𝼈̊𝼈ʎ̮ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

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