| Voiceless labial–velar plosive | |
|---|---|
| k͡p | |
| IPA number | 109 (101) |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| Entity(decimal) | k͡p |
| Unicode(hex) | U+006B U+0361 U+0070 |
Avoiceless labial–velar plosive orstop is a type ofconsonantal sound, used in somespokenlanguages. It is a[k] and[p]pronounced simultaneously and is considered adouble articulation.[1] To make this sound, one can sayCoe but with the lips closed as if one were sayingPoe; the lips are to be released at the same time as or a fraction of a second after theC ofCoe. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨k͡p⟩.
A voiceless labial–velar plosive is found inVietnamese and various languages in West and Central Africa. In the orthography ofYoruba in Nigeria it is written with a simple⟨p⟩.
Features of a voiceless labial–velar stop:
| k͡p | Plain |
| k͡pʲ | Palatalized |
| k͡pʷ | Labialized |
| k͡pᵑ͡ᵐ | Withnasal release |
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dangme[2] | kpà | [k͡pà] | 'to roam' | |
| Ega[3] | [k͡pá] | 'build a hedge to enclose a field' | ||
| Ibibio[4] | kpa | [k͡pɐ́] | 'to die' | |
| Igbo[5] | kpọ́ | [k͡pɔ́] | 'call' | |
| Kalabari[6] | àkpà | [àk͡pà] | 'bag' | |
| Mono[7] | kpa | [k͡pa] | 'flee' | |
| Nigerian Pidgin[8] | [example needed] | Phonemic. Found in substrate words and later loanwords from native Nigerian languages. SeeLanguages of Nigeria. | ||
| Saramaccan[9] | akpó | [ak͡pó] | 'arrow type' | Possibly allophonic with/kʷ/, but possibly phonemic as well. |
| Vietnamese[10] | lúc | [luk͡p˧˥] | 'when, time' | Allophone of/k/ after/u,o,ɔ/. SeeVietnamese phonology |
| Tarok[11] | kpán | [k͡pán] | 'to hold' / 'to catch' | |
| Tyap | kpa | [k͡pa] | 'pestle' | |
| Yoruba | pápá | [k͡pák͡pá] | 'field' | |
| Voiceless labialized labial–velar plosive | |
|---|---|
| k͡pʷ |
Some languages, especially inPapua New Guinea and inVanuatu, combine this voiceless labial–velar stop with alabial–velar approximant release, hence[k͡pʷ]. ThusMwotlap (Banks Islands, northVanuatu) has[k͡pʷɪlɣɛk] ('my father-in-law').[12]
In theBanks Islands languages which have it, the phoneme/k͡pʷ/ is written⟨q⟩ in localorthographies.In other languages ofVanuatu further south (such asSouth Efate, orLenakel), the same segment is spelled⟨p̃⟩.
… the commonest double articulations consist of the simultaneous articulation of stops at two locations, most frequently labial-velar[kp][gb], written[k͡p][ɡ͡b] when the coarticulation has to be made explicit in transcription. This particular type of double articulation is often called ‘labiovelar,’ a term which must be avoided in a strictly systematic phonetic taxonomy in which the first half of such a compound term refers to the lower articulator.
