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Voiceless bidental fricative

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Consonantal sound
Voiceless bidental fricative
h̪͆
x̪͆
Audio sample

Avoiceless bidental fricative is a rareconsonantal sound found in one natural language, in theShapsug dialect ofAdyghe, where it appears as a variant of/x/.[1][2] People withhypoglossia (abnormally small tongue) may use it for target/s/.[citation needed] It has been represented in theextIPA as ⟨x̪͆⟩, but since there is no frication at the velar place of articulation, it is thus better transcribed as ⟨h̪͆⟩ and the extIPA chart uses the latter.[3]

Features

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Features of a voiceless bidental fricative:

Occurrence

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LanguageWordIPAMeaningNotes
AdygheBlack Sea (Shapsug) dialect[1][2]дахэ[daːh̪͆a]'pretty'Corresponds to[x] in other dialects.

See also

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References

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  1. ^abLadefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996).The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell. pp. 144–145.ISBN 978-0-631-19815-4.
  2. ^abTrask, R. L. (2004-08-02).A Dictionary of Phonetics and Phonology. Routledge.ISBN 978-1-134-83101-2.
  3. ^Ball, Martin J. (2024)."Changes to certain extIPA diacritics".Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics.38 (7):692–695.doi:10.1080/02699206.2024.2365205.PMID 38950200.
IPA topics
IPA
Special topics
Encodings
Pulmonic consonants
PlaceLabialCoronalDorsalLaryngeal
MannerBi­labialLabio­dentalLinguo­labialDentalAlveolarPost­alveolarRetro­flexPalatalVelarUvularPharyn­geal/epi­glottalGlottal
Nasalmɱ̊ɱn̪̊nn̠̊ɳ̊ɳɲ̊ɲŋ̊ŋɴ̥ɴ
Plosivepbtdʈɖcɟkɡqɢʡʔ
Sibilantaffricatet̪s̪d̪z̪tsdzt̠ʃd̠ʒ
Non-sibilant affricatep̪fb̪vt̪θd̪ðtɹ̝̊dɹ̝t̠ɹ̠̊˔d̠ɹ̠˔ɟʝkxɡɣɢʁʡʜʡʢʔh
Sibilantfricativeszʃʒʂʐɕʑ
Non-sibilant fricativeɸβfvθ̼ð̼θðθ̠ð̠ɹ̠̊˔ɹ̠˔ɻ̊˔ɻ˔çʝxɣχʁħʕhɦ
Approximantβ̞ʋð̞ɹɹ̠ɻjɰ˷
Tap/flapⱱ̟ɾ̼ɾ̥ɾɽ̊ɽɢ̆ʡ̮
Trillʙ̥ʙrɽ̊r̥ɽrʀ̥ʀʜʢ
Lateral affricatetꞎd𝼅c𝼆ɟʎ̝k𝼄ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricativeɬ̪ɬɮ𝼅𝼆ʎ̝𝼄ʟ̝
Lateral approximantlɭ̊ɭʎ̥ʎʟ̥ʟʟ̠
Lateral tap/flapɺ̥ɺ𝼈̊𝼈ʎ̮ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Other
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