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Voiceless dental and alveolar nasals

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Consonantal sound represented by ⟨n̥⟩ in IPA

Voiceless alveolar nasal

n̥

IPA number 116+402A

Audio sample

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Encoding

X-SAMPA n_0

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Avoiceless alveolar nasal is a type ofconsonant in somelanguages. The symbols in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represent the sound are ⟨n̥⟩ and ⟨n̊⟩, combinations of the letter for thevoiced alveolar nasal and adiacritic indicatingvoicelessness above or below the letter.

Features

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Features of a voiceless alveolar nasal:

Itsmanner of articulation isocclusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Because the consonant is alsonasal, the blocked airflow is redirected through the nose.
There are four specific variants of[n̥]:
- Dental, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the upperteeth, termed respectivelyapical andlaminal.
- Denti-alveolar, which means it is articulated with the blade of the tongue at thealveolar ridge, and the tip of the tongue behind upper teeth.
- Alveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue at the alveolar ridge, termed respectivelyapical andlaminal.
- Postalveolar, which means it is articulated with either the tip or the blade of the tongue behind the alveolar ridge, termed respectivelyapical andlaminal.
Itsphonation is un-voiced, which means it is produced without vibrations of the vocal cords.
It is anasal consonant, which means air is exclusively allowed to escape through the nose for nasal stops; otherwise, in addition to through the mouth.
It is acentral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
Itsairstream mechanism ispulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with theintercostal muscles andabdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

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Dental or denti-alveolar

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Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Iaai		^{[example needed]}			Contrasts/m̥m̥ʷn̪̊ɳ̊ɲ̊ŋ̊/ and their voiced versions.

Alveolar

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Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Aleut		uhngix	[un̥ɣix]	'older sister (of a male)'	Voiced approximants and nasals may be partly devoiced in contact with a voiceless consonant and at the end of a word.
Alutiiq		pat'shnarluni	[pat.sn̥aχluni]	'(weather) is cold'	Contrasts with voiced/n/.
Burmese^[1]		နှစ်/hnac	[n̥ɪʔ]	'two'
Central Alaskan Yup'ik^[2]		ceńa	[t͡səˈn̥a]	'edge'
English	RP	chutney	[ˈt̠ʃʌˈt͡n̥ːɪ]	chutney	^[3]
	RP	cotton	[ˈkɒˈtn̥̍]	cotton	^[3]
	Some dialects	knee	[n̥iː]	knee	Occurs in several dialects. Maybe same as/n/ instead.
Estonian^[4]		lasn	[ˈlɑsn̥]	'wooden peel'	Word-final allophone of/n/ after/t,s,h/.^[4] SeeEstonian phonology
Hmong	White Hmong	𖬆𖬰𖬩 /hnub	[n̥u˥]	'day'	Contrasts with voiced/n/. In Green Mong, it has merged with/n/.^[5]
Icelandic^[6]		hnífur	[ˈn̥iːvʏr̥]	'knife'	SeeIcelandic phonology
Jalapa Mazatec^[7]		hne	[n̥ɛ]	'falls'	Contrasts with a voiced and alaryngealized alveolar nasal.
Kildin Sami^[8]		чоӊтэ/čohnte	[t͡ʃɔn̥te]	'to turn'
Northern Sámi		váhnen	[ˈvaːn̥en]	'parent'
Polish		kupn	[ˈkupn̥]	'purchase, acquisition' (genitive plural)	Word-final allophone of/n/ after voiceless consonants. SeePolish phonology
Welsh^[9]		fynhad	[vən̥aːd]	'my father'	Occurs as the nasalmutation of/t/. SeeWelsh phonology
Xumi	Lower^[10]	[n̥ɑ̃˦]		'fur, animal hair'	Contrasts with the voiced/n/.^[10]^[11]
Xumi	Upper^[11]	[n̥ɔ̃˦]		'fur, animal hair'	Contrasts with the voiced/n/.^[10]^[11]

Post-alveolar

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Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Faroese^[12]^[13]		einki / onki	[ˈɔn̠̊t͡ʃɪ]	'nothing'	SeeFaroese phonology

Notes

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^Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 111.
^Jacobson (1995), p. 3.
^Wells, John C. (1982).Accents of English 2: The British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 282.ISBN 0-521-24224-X.
^^a ^bAsu & Teras (2009), p. 368.
^Ratliff (2003), p. 24.
^Árnason (2011), p. 115.
^Ladefoged & Maddieson (1996), p. 107.
^Kuruch (1985), p. 529.
^Jones (1984), p. 51.
^^a ^bChirkova & Chen (2013), pp. 365, 367.
^^a ^bChirkova, Chen & Kocjančič Antolík (2013), pp. 382–383.
^Árnason (2011), p. 124.
^Þráinsson et al. (2012), p. ?. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFÞráinssonPetersenJacobsenHansen2012 (help)

References

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Árnason, Kristján (2011),The Phonology of Icelandic and Faroese, Oxford University Press,ISBN 978-0199229314
Asu, Eva Liina; Teras, Pire (2009), "Estonian",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,39 (3):367–372,doi:10.1017/s002510030999017x
Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya (2013),"Xumi, Part 1: Lower Xumi, the Variety of the Lower and Middle Reaches of the Shuiluo River"(PDF),Journal of the International Phonetic Association,43 (3):363–379,doi:10.1017/S0025100313000157^{[permanent dead link]}
Chirkova, Katia; Chen, Yiya; Kocjančič Antolík, Tanja (2013),"Xumi, Part 2: Upper Xumi, the Variety of the Upper Reaches of the Shuiluo River"(PDF),Journal of the International Phonetic Association,43 (3):381–396,doi:10.1017/S0025100313000169^{[permanent dead link]}
Jacobson, Steven (1995),A Practical Grammar of the Central Alaskan Yup'ik Eskimo Language, Fairbanks: Alaska Native Language Center,ISBN 978-1-55500-050-9
Jones, Glyn E. (1984), "The distinctive vowels and consonants of Welsh", in Martin J. Ball and Glyn E. Jones (ed.),Welsh Phonology: Selected Readings, Cardiff: University of Wales Press, pp. 40–64,ISBN 0-7083-0861-9
Kuruch, Rimma (1985),Краткий грамматический очерк саамского языка(PDF) (in Russian), Moscow{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Ladefoged, Peter;Maddieson, Ian (1996).The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford: Blackwell.ISBN 0-631-19815-6.
Ratliff, Martha (2003). "Hmong secret languages: themes and variations". InBradley, David;LaPolla, Randy; Michialovsky, Boyd;Thurgood, Graham (eds.).Language variation: Papers on variation and change in the Sinosphere and in the Indosphere in honour of James A. Matisoff.Australian National University. pp. 21–34.doi:10.15144/PL-555.21.hdl:1885/146727.ISBN 0-85883-540-1.

External links

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List of languages with[n̥] onPHOIBLE

International Phonetic Alphabet(chart)

IPA topics

IPA	International Phonetic Association History of the alphabet Extensions for disordered speech (extIPA) Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS) Journal of the IPA (JIPA)
Special topics	Cursive forms Case variants Obsolete and nonstandard symbols Naming conventions Sinological extensions World Orthography IPA chart for English dialects
Encodings	ASCII encodings SAMPA X-SAMPA Usenet ASCII-IPA TIPA Phonetic symbols in Unicode IPA number IPA Braille

Consonants

Pulmonic consonants

Place →	Labial					Coronal										Dorsal					Laryngeal
Manner ↓	Bilabial		Labiodental		Linguolabial		Dental		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Retroflex		Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal/epiglottal		Glottal
Nasal	m̥	m	ɱ̊	ɱ		n̼	n̪̊	n̪	n̥	n	n̠̊	n̠	ɳ̊	ɳ	ɲ̊	ɲ	ŋ̊	ŋ	ɴ̥	ɴ
Plosive	p	b	p̪	b̪	t̼	d̼	t̪	d̪	t	d			ʈ	ɖ	c	ɟ	k	ɡ	q	ɢ	ʡ		ʔ
Sibilant affricate							t̪s̪	d̪z̪	ts	dz	t̠ʃ	d̠ʒ	tʂ	dʐ	tɕ	dʑ
Non-sibilant affricate	pɸ	bβ	p̪f	b̪v			t̪θ	d̪ð	tɹ̝̊	dɹ̝	t̠ɹ̠̊˔	d̠ɹ̠˔			cç	ɟʝ	kx	ɡɣ	qχ	ɢʁ	ʡʜ	ʡʢ	ʔh
Sibilantfricative							s̪	z̪	s	z	ʃ	ʒ	ʂ	ʐ	ɕ	ʑ
Non-sibilant fricative	ɸ	β	f	v	θ̼	ð̼	θ	ð	θ̠	ð̠	ɹ̠̊˔	ɹ̠˔	ɻ̊˔	ɻ˔	ç	ʝ	x	ɣ	χ	ʁ	ħ	ʕ	h	ɦ
Approximant		β̞		ʋ				ð̞		ɹ		ɹ̠		ɻ		j		ɰ						˷
Tap/flap		ⱱ̟		ⱱ		ɾ̼			ɾ̥	ɾ			ɽ̊	ɽ						ɢ̆		ʡ̮
Trill	ʙ̥	ʙ							r̥	r		r̠	ɽ̊r̥	ɽr					ʀ̥	ʀ	ʜ	ʢ
Lateral affricate									tɬ	dɮ			tꞎ	d𝼅	c𝼆	ɟʎ̝	k𝼄	ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricative							ɬ̪		ɬ	ɮ			ꞎ	𝼅	𝼆	ʎ̝	𝼄	ʟ̝
Lateral approximant								l̪	l̥	l		l̠	ɭ̊	ɭ	ʎ̥	ʎ	ʟ̥	ʟ		ʟ̠
Lateral tap/flap									ɺ̥	ɺ			𝼈̊	𝼈		ʎ̮		ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Non-pulmonic consonants

		BL	LD	D	A	PA	RF	P	V	U
Implosive	Voiced	ɓ			ɗ		ᶑ	ʄ	ɠ	ʛ
Implosive	Voiceless	ɓ̥			ɗ̥		ᶑ̊	ʄ̊	ɠ̊	ʛ̥
Ejective	Stop	pʼ			tʼ		ʈʼ	cʼ	kʼ	qʼ
	Affricate		p̪fʼ	t̪θʼ	tsʼ	t̠ʃʼ	tʂʼ	tɕʼ	kxʼ	qχʼ
	Fricative	ɸʼ	fʼ	θʼ	sʼ	ʃʼ	ʂʼ	ɕʼ	xʼ	χʼ
	Lateral affricate				tɬʼ			c𝼆ʼ	k𝼄ʼ	q𝼄ʼ
	Lateral fricative				ɬʼ
Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular)	Tenuis	kʘ qʘ		kǀ qǀ	kǃ qǃ		k𝼊 q𝼊	kǂ qǂ
	Voiced	ɡʘ ɢʘ		ɡǀ ɢǀ	ɡǃ ɢǃ		ɡ𝼊 ɢ𝼊	ɡǂ ɢǂ
	Nasal	ŋʘ ɴʘ		ŋǀ ɴǀ	ŋǃ ɴǃ		ŋ𝼊 ɴ𝼊	ŋǂ ɴǂ	ʞ
	Tenuislateral				kǁ qǁ
	Voiced lateral				ɡǁ ɢǁ
	Nasal lateral				ŋǁ ɴǁ