| Voiced retroflex trill | |
|---|---|
| ɽ͡r | |
| IPA number | 125 674 122 |
| Audio sample | |
| Encoding | |
| Entity(decimal) | ɽ͡r |
| Unicode(hex) | U+027D U+0361 U+0072 |
Avoiced retroflex trill is not a single consonant quality, but a sliding cluster sound within the time of a single segment. It has been reported inToda and confirmed with laboratory measurements.Peter Ladefoged transcribes it with the IPA symbol that is normally associated with theretroflex flap, ⟨ɽ⟩. Although the tongue starts out in a subapical retroflex position, trilling involves the tip of the tongue and causes it to move forward to the alveolar ridge. Thus, the retroflex trill gives a preceding vowel retroflex coloration, like other retroflex consonants, but the vibration itself is not much different from analveolar trill. Thus, the narrower transcription ⟨ɽr⟩ is also appropriate.
Wintu andLardil are other languages with a reported (apico-)retroflex trill where the tongue apex "approaches" the hard palate, but it is not subapical, unlike in Toda. The trill has a retroflex flap allophone that occurs between vowels.
Several languages have been reported to have trilled retroflex affricates such as[ɳɖ͡ɽ̝] and[ʈ͡ɽ̝̊], includingMapudungun,Malagasy andFijian. However, the exact articulation is rarely clear from descriptions.
In Fijian, for example, further investigation has revealed that the sound (written⟨dr⟩) is rarely trilled, but is usually realized as a postalveolar stop[n̠d̠] instead. In Mapudungun, the sound (writtentr) is strongly retroflex, causing/l/ and/r/ following the subsequent vowel to become retroflex as well. The southern dialect varies between/ʈɽ/ and/ʈʂ/, but it is not clear whether the letter ⟨ɽ⟩ represents a trill or a non-sibilant fricative.
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dutch | North Brabant[1] | riem | [ɽrim] | 'belt' | A rare variant of/r/, which occurs almost exclusively word-initially.[2] Realization of/r/ varies considerably among dialects. SeeDutch phonology |
| North Holland[1] | |||||
| Toda[3] | kaṛ | [kaɽr] | 'pen for calves' | Subapical but it is not purely retroflex. Although the tongue starts out in a sub-apical retroflex position, trilling involves the tip of the tongue, and this causes it to move forward toward the alveolar ridge. This means that the retroflex trill gives a preceding vowel retroflex coloration the way other retroflex consonants do, but that the vibration itself is not much different from the other trills. Toda contrasts plain and palatalized fronted alveolar, alveolar and retroflex trills.[3] | |
| Wintu[4] | boloy nor-toror | [bolojnoɽrtoɽoɽr] | '(ridge on a trail fromHayfork toHyampom)' | Apico-postalveolar. Occurs as[ɽ] when intervocalic. | |
