Avoiced retroflex implosive is a type ofconsonantal sound used in some spoken languages.Wadiyara Koli phonemically distinguishes it from the alveolar/ɗ/.Sindhi has an implosive that varies between dental and retroflex articulation, whileOromo,Saraiki andNgad'a have/ᶑ / but not/ɗ/.[1]
Itsmanner of articulation isocclusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with nonasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is aplosive.
Itsplace of articulation isretroflex, which prototypically means it is articulatedsubapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it ispostalveolar without beingpalatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can beapical (pointed) or, in some fricatives,laminal (flat).
Itsphonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
It is acentral consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream along the center of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
Theairstream mechanism isimplosive (glottalic ingressive), which means it is produced by pulling air in by pumping theglottis downward. Since it is voiced, the glottis is not completely closed, but allows a pulmonic airstream to escape through it.
^InMangbai/ɗ/ may also be retroflex, but it appears to be a preglottalized[ʔ͡ɖ] rather than an implosive (Anonby 2008).
^Handbook of the International Phonetic Association, 1999, p. 166, 179.
^Kirk Miller & Michael Ashby,L2/20-252R Unicode request for IPA modifier-letters (a), pulmonic
^Shackle, Christopher (1976).The Siraiki language of central Pakistan : a reference grammar. London: School of Oriental and African Studies. pp. 22–23.
