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Voiced retroflex affricate
ɖʐ
dʐ
ꭦ
IPA number	106 (137)
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
Entity(decimal)	ɖ​͡​ʐ
Unicode(hex)	U+0256 U+0361 U+0290
X-SAMPA	dz`
Image

Avoiced retroflex sibilant affricate is a type ofconsonantal sound, used in somespokenlanguages. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɖ͡ʐ ⟩ or ⟨d̠͡ʐ ⟩, often simplified to ⟨dʐ ⟩. There is also a ligature ⟨ꭦ ⟩, which has been retired by the International Phonetic Association but is still used.

Alaminal variant occurs inPolishdż, andapical variants in theIndo-Aryan languages.

Features of a voiced retroflex affricate:

• Itsmanner of articulation issibilantaffricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the air flow entirely, then directing it with the tongue to the sharp edge of the teeth, causing high-frequencyturbulence.
• Itsplace of articulation isretroflex, which prototypically means it is articulatedsubapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it ispostalveolar without beingpalatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can beapical (pointed) or, in some fricatives,laminal (flat).
• Itsphonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
• It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
• It is amedian consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
• Itsairstream mechanism ispulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with theintercostal muscles andabdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

The non-sibilant counterpart is avoiced retroflex non-sibilant affricate, which may occur in Malagasy. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɖɻ᷵⟩, ⟨dɻ˔⟩, ⟨d̠͡ɻ̝⟩, or ⟨ɖɻ˔⟩.

• Itsmanner of articulation isaffricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
• Itsplace of articulation isretroflex, which prototypically means it is articulatedsubapical (with the tip of the tongue curled up), but more generally, it means that it ispostalveolar without beingpalatalized. That is, besides the prototypical subapical articulation, the tongue can beapical (pointed) or, in some fricatives,laminal (flat).
• Itsphonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
• It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
• It is amedian consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
• Itsairstream mechanism ispulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with theintercostal muscles andabdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

• Voiced retroflex lateral affricate
• Voiceless retroflex affricate
• Index of phonetics articles

• List of languages with[ɖʐ] onPHOIBLE

• Affricates
• Retroflex consonants
• Pulmonic consonants
• Voiced oral consonants
• Median consonants

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