| Voiced labiodental plosive | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| b̪ | |||
| IPA number | 102 408 | ||
| Audio sample | |||
| Encoding | |||
| Entity(decimal) | b̪ | ||
| Unicode(hex) | U+0062 U+032A | ||
| X-SAMPA | b_d | ||
| Braille |    | ||
| |||
Avoiced labiodental plosive orstop is aconsonant sound produced like a[b], but with the lower lip contacting the upper teeth, as in[v]. This can be represented in theIPA as ⟨b̪⟩. A separate symbol that is sometimes seen, especially inBantu linguistics, but not recognized by the IPA, is thedb ligature ⟨ȸ⟩.
A voiced labiodental plosive is not known to bephonemic in any language. However, it does occurallophonically:
In theAustronesian languageSika, this sound occurs as an allophone of thelabiodental flap in careful pronunciation.[citation needed]
The XiNkuna dialect ofTsonga hasaffricates,[p̪͡f] (voiceless labiodental affricate) and[b̪͡v] (voiced labiodental affricate).
Features of a "voiced labiodental stop":
| Language | Word | IPA | Meaning | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | subversive | [sʌb̪ˈvɚsɪv] | 'subversive' | Common allophone of/b/ before the labiodentals/f/ and/v/ (although it is also possible for the labiodentals to shift to bilabial[ɸ] and[β], respectively, instead). | |
| Ibanag | bavi | [bab̪ᵛiː] | ˈpig/pork' | Slightly affricated; allophonic variant of/v/ for some elderly speakers, especially those who lack front teeth. May be a flap/ⱱ/ instead. | |
| Sika[citation needed] | [example needed] | Allophone of/ⱱ/ in careful pronunciation. | |||
| Slovene | ob vodi | [ob̪‿ˈʋɔ̀ːdí] | 'by the water' | Allophone of/b/ before/f,ʋ/. SeeSlovene phonology. | |
