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Voiced bilabial implosive

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Consonantal sound

"Bilabial implosive" redirects here. For the voiceless implosive, seeVoiceless bilabial implosive.

Voiced bilabial implosive

IPA number 160

Audio sample

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Encoding

Entity(decimal) ɓ

Unicode(hex) U+0253

X-SAMPA b_<

Braille

Image

Avoiced bilabial implosive is a type ofconsonantal sound, used in somespoken languages. The symbol in theInternational Phonetic Alphabet that represents this sound is ⟨ɓ⟩.

Features

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Features of a voiced bilabial implosive:

Itsmanner of articulation isocclusive, which means it is produced by obstructing airflow in the vocal tract. Since the consonant is also oral, with nonasal outlet, the airflow is blocked entirely, and the consonant is aplosive.
Itsplace of articulation isbilabial, which means it is articulated with bothlips.
Itsphonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
It is anoral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, thecentral–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
Theairstream mechanism isimplosive (glottalic ingressive), which means it is produced by pulling air in by pumping theglottis downward. Since it is voiced, the glottis is not completely closed, but allows a pulmonic airstream to escape through it.

Occurrence

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Language		Word	IPA	Meaning	Notes
Akatek		p'eyp'al	[ɓejɓal]	'the walking (thing)'
Balanta-Ganja		ɓaara?	[ɓaːra]?	'heron'	Possible allophone for/b/.^[1]
Ega^[2]		[ɓá]		'send away'
English	Southern American^[3]	body	[ɓʌdi]	'body'	Possible realization of word-initial/b/.^[3] SeeEnglish phonology
Fula^[4]		fulɓe 𞤆𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫	[fulɓe]	'Fulbe person' (g.)
Goemai		ḅas	[ɓas]	'to fetch'
Hausa		ɓaɓewa /ݑَݑٜىٰوَا	[ɓaɓɛua]	'quarreling'
Hindi^[5]		ॿआल	[ɓaːl]	'child' (transliteration of Saraikiٻال)	Used to transcribe implosives from Saraiki and Sindhi.
Jamaican Patois^[6]		beat	[ɓiːt]	'beat'	Allophone of/b/ in the onset of prominent syllables.
Kalabari^[7]		ḅá	[ɓá]	'kill'
Khmer		បារាំង /barăng	[ɓaːraŋ]	noun: 'France' adjective: 'French'	SeeKhmer phonology
Konso^[8]		bad	[ɓaɗ]	'to hide'
Kwaza		bura	[ɓuɾa]	'put [the] hat on!'
Latundê^[9]		[ˌɓa:ˈnãn]		'(they) are two'	One of the possible realisations of/p/.^[9]
Mayan	Yucatec	balam	[ɓalam]	'jaguar'
Mam		qanbʼax	[qamɓaʂ]	'foot'
Mono^[10]		‘balœ	[ɓálə́]	'at'
Punjabi	Dialectal	ਬੱਕਰੀ /بکری	[ˈɓək.krɪ]	'goat'
Paumarí^[11]	'bo'da	[ɓoɗa]	'old'
Saraiki^[12]		ٻال	[ɓɑː.l]	'child'
Sindhi		ٻر	[ɓaˑrʊ]	'child'
Serer^[13]		ɓood/ࢠࣷودْ	[ɓoːd]	'to crawl'	Contrasts/ɓ̥,ɗ̥,ʄ̊,ɓ,ɗ,ʄ/.
Southern Nambikwara^[14]		[ɓa̰h]		'ask excuse'	One of the possible realisations of/p/.^[14]
Shona		baba	[ɓàːɓá]	'father'
Tera^[15]		ɓala	[ɓala]	'to talk'	Contrasts phonemically withpalatalized implosive,/ɓʲ/.
Tukang Besi		[aɓa]		'previous'
Vietnamese^[16]		bạn	[ɓan̪˧ˀ˨ʔ]	'you'	SeeVietnamese phonology
Standard Zhuang		lajmbwn	[la̋ːɓɯ̌n]	'world'
Zulu		ubaba	[úˈɓàːɓá]	'my father'

Notes

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^"Balanta-Ganja (Fgañja / فْگَݧْجَ)".Omniglot.
^Connell, Ahoua & Gibbon (2002:100)
^^a ^bWells (1982:489)
^Keer (1999:82)
^"ॾ",Wiktionary, the free dictionary, 2024-05-27, retrieved2025-10-26
^Devonish & Harry (2004:456)
^Harry (2003:113)
^Orkaydo, Ongaye Oda (2013).A Grammar of Konso. p. 11.
^^a ^bTelles (2013:298)
^Olson (2004:233)
^Everett (2003:23)
^Bashir, Elena; J. Conners, Thomas (2019). "3.3.1.3".A Descriptive Grammar of Hindko, Panjabi, and Saraiki. Vol. 4 of Mouton-CASL Grammar Series. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. p. 28.ISBN 9781614512257.Saraiki has four voiced implosive stops: bilabial /ɓ/, alveolar /ɗ/, palatal /ʄ/, and velar /ɠ/.
^Mc Laughlin (2005:203)
^^a ^bNetto (2018:105, 106)
^Tench (2007:228)
^Thompson (1959:458–461)

References

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Connell, Bruce; Ahoua, Firmin; Gibbon, Dafydd (2002), "Ega",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,32 (1):99–104,doi:10.1017/S002510030200018X
Devonish, H.; Harry, Otelamate G. (2004), "Jamaican phonology", in Kortman, B; Shneider E. W. (eds.),A Handbook of Varieties of English, phonology, vol. 1, Berlin: Mouton De Gruyter, pp. 441–471
Everett, Daniel L. (2003), "Iambic Feet in Paumari and the Theory of Foot Structure",Linguistic Discovery,2 (1),doi:10.1349/ps1.1537-0852.a.263,ISSN 1537-0852
Harry, Otelamate G. (2003), "Kalaḅarị-Ịjo",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,33 (1):113–120,doi:10.1017/S002510030300121X
Keer, Edward (1999),Geminates, The OCP and The Nature of CON, Rutgers University
Mc Laughlin, Fiona (2005), "Voiceless implosives in Seereer-Siin",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,35 (2):201–214,doi:10.1017/S0025100305002215,S2CID 145717014
Olson, Kenneth S. (2004),"Mono"(PDF),Journal of the International Phonetic Association,34 (2):233–238,doi:10.1017/S0025100304001744
Tench, Paul (2007), "Tera",Journal of the International Phonetic Association,37 (1):228–234,doi:10.1017/s0025100307002952
Thompson, Laurence (1959), "Saigon phonemics",Language,35 (3):454–476,doi:10.2307/411232,JSTOR 411232
Wells, John C. (1982),Accents of English, vol. 3: Beyond the British Isles, Cambridge University Press,ISBN 0-521-24225-8
Netto, Luiz (2018),Fonologia do grupo Nambikwára do Campo (Master's dissertation) (in Brazilian Portuguese),Recife:Federal University of Pernambuco, pp. 105, 106
Telles, Stella (2013), "Traços laringais em Latundê (Nambikwára do Norte)",Boletim do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi. Ciências Humanas (in Brazilian Portuguese),8 (2),Belém:291–306,doi:10.1590/S1981-81222013000200005

External links

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List of languages with[ɓ] onPHOIBLE

International Phonetic Alphabet(chart)

IPA topics

IPA	International Phonetic Association History of the alphabet Extensions for disordered speech (extIPA) Voice Quality Symbols (VoQS) Journal of the IPA (JIPA)
Special topics	Cursive forms Case variants Obsolete and nonstandard symbols Naming conventions Sinological extensions World Orthography IPA chart for English dialects
Encodings	ASCII encodings SAMPA X-SAMPA Usenet ASCII-IPA TIPA Phonetic symbols in Unicode IPA number IPA Braille

Consonants

Pulmonic consonants

Place →	Labial					Coronal										Dorsal					Laryngeal
Manner ↓	Bilabial		Labiodental		Linguolabial		Dental		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Retroflex		Palatal		Velar		Uvular		Pharyngeal/epiglottal		Glottal
Nasal	m̥	m	ɱ̊	ɱ		n̼	n̪̊	n̪	n̥	n	n̠̊	n̠	ɳ̊	ɳ	ɲ̊	ɲ	ŋ̊	ŋ	ɴ̥	ɴ
Plosive	p	b	p̪	b̪	t̼	d̼	t̪	d̪	t	d			ʈ	ɖ	c	ɟ	k	ɡ	q	ɢ	ʡ		ʔ
Sibilant affricate							t̪s̪	d̪z̪	ts	dz	t̠ʃ	d̠ʒ	tʂ	dʐ	tɕ	dʑ
Non-sibilant affricate	pɸ	bβ	p̪f	b̪v			t̪θ	d̪ð	tɹ̝̊	dɹ̝	t̠ɹ̠̊˔	d̠ɹ̠˔			cç	ɟʝ	kx	ɡɣ	qχ	ɢʁ	ʡʜ	ʡʢ	ʔh
Sibilantfricative							s̪	z̪	s	z	ʃ	ʒ	ʂ	ʐ	ɕ	ʑ
Non-sibilant fricative	ɸ	β	f	v	θ̼	ð̼	θ	ð	θ̠	ð̠	ɹ̠̊˔	ɹ̠˔	ɻ̊˔	ɻ˔	ç	ʝ	x	ɣ	χ	ʁ	ħ	ʕ	h	ɦ
Approximant		β̞		ʋ				ð̞		ɹ		ɹ̠		ɻ		j		ɰ						˷
Tap/flap		ⱱ̟		ⱱ		ɾ̼			ɾ̥	ɾ			ɽ̊	ɽ						ɢ̆		ʡ̮
Trill	ʙ̥	ʙ							r̥	r		r̠	ɽ̊r̥	ɽr					ʀ̥	ʀ	ʜ	ʢ
Lateral affricate									tɬ	dɮ			tꞎ	d𝼅	c𝼆	ɟʎ̝	k𝼄	ɡʟ̝
Lateral fricative							ɬ̪		ɬ	ɮ			ꞎ	𝼅	𝼆	ʎ̝	𝼄	ʟ̝
Lateral approximant								l̪	l̥	l		l̠	ɭ̊	ɭ	ʎ̥	ʎ	ʟ̥	ʟ		ʟ̠
Lateral tap/flap									ɺ̥	ɺ			𝼈̊	𝼈		ʎ̮		ʟ̆

Symbols to the right in a cell arevoiced, to the left arevoiceless.Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible.

Non-pulmonic consonants

		BL	LD	D	A	PA	RF	P	V	U
Implosive	Voiced	ɓ			ɗ		ᶑ	ʄ	ɠ	ʛ
Implosive	Voiceless	ɓ̥			ɗ̥		ᶑ̊	ʄ̊	ɠ̊	ʛ̥
Ejective	Stop	pʼ			tʼ		ʈʼ	cʼ	kʼ	qʼ
	Affricate		p̪fʼ	t̪θʼ	tsʼ	t̠ʃʼ	tʂʼ	tɕʼ	kxʼ	qχʼ
	Fricative	ɸʼ	fʼ	θʼ	sʼ	ʃʼ	ʂʼ	ɕʼ	xʼ	χʼ
	Lateral affricate				tɬʼ			c𝼆ʼ	k𝼄ʼ	q𝼄ʼ
	Lateral fricative				ɬʼ
Click (top: velar; bottom: uvular)	Tenuis	kʘ qʘ		kǀ qǀ	kǃ qǃ		k𝼊 q𝼊	kǂ qǂ
	Voiced	ɡʘ ɢʘ		ɡǀ ɢǀ	ɡǃ ɢǃ		ɡ𝼊 ɢ𝼊	ɡǂ ɢǂ
	Nasal	ŋʘ ɴʘ		ŋǀ ɴǀ	ŋǃ ɴǃ		ŋ𝼊 ɴ𝼊	ŋǂ ɴǂ	ʞ
	Tenuislateral				kǁ qǁ
	Voiced lateral				ɡǁ ɢǁ
	Nasal lateral				ŋǁ ɴǁ